ANCA Associated Glomerulonephritis Following SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination: A Case Series and Systematic Review
Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) proved beneficial for COVID-19 disease attenuation and preventing virus spreading. Cumulative reports of the rarity of antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) raise concerns about its relationship with COVID-19 vaccination....
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Vaccines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/11/5/983 |
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| author | Theerachai Thammathiwat Athiphat Banjongjit Kroonpong Iampenkhae Natavudh Townamchai Talerngsak Kanjanabuch |
| author_facet | Theerachai Thammathiwat Athiphat Banjongjit Kroonpong Iampenkhae Natavudh Townamchai Talerngsak Kanjanabuch |
| author_sort | Theerachai Thammathiwat |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) proved beneficial for COVID-19 disease attenuation and preventing virus spreading. Cumulative reports of the rarity of antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) raise concerns about its relationship with COVID-19 vaccination. Several case reports described ANCA-associated pauci-immune glomerulonephritis (ANCA-GN) following COVID-19 vaccination with some uniqueness. We systematically reviewed COVID-19 vaccine-induced ANCA-GN from PubMed, SCOPUS, and Cochrane library databases until 1 January 2023 according to PRISMA guidelines and presented our three cases. Twenty-six cases from 25 articles, including our 3 cases, were analyzed. Most cases were diagnosed following the second dose of the COVID-19 vaccine (59%) with a median (IQR) interval onset of 14 (16) days. The highest prevalence was related to the mRNA-type vaccine. Anti-myeloperoxidase (MPO) ANCA was far more common than the other ANCAs, with various positive autoantibodies. Fourteen cases (out of 29 cases, 48%) had extra-kidney AAV manifestation. Although severe kidney injury was observed in 10/29 (34%), remission was achieved in 89% (25/28) with no death. The mechanisms of the vaccine-inducing ANCA-GN were postulated here. Since ANCA-GN after the COVID-19 vaccine was rare, the benefit of the COVID-19 vaccine could outweigh the risk of ANCA-GN side effects in the pandemic era. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:15:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-09b17ebb238346a8a1f3bab373769913 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:15:04Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj.art-09b17ebb238346a8a1f3bab3737699132023-11-18T03:36:39ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2023-05-0111598310.3390/vaccines11050983ANCA Associated Glomerulonephritis Following SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination: A Case Series and Systematic ReviewTheerachai Thammathiwat0Athiphat Banjongjit1Kroonpong Iampenkhae2Natavudh Townamchai3Talerngsak Kanjanabuch4Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, ThailandNephrology Unit, Department of Medicine, Vichaiyut Hospital, Bangkok 10400, ThailandDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, ThailandDivision of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok 10330, ThailandDivision of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok 10330, ThailandVaccines against SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) proved beneficial for COVID-19 disease attenuation and preventing virus spreading. Cumulative reports of the rarity of antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) raise concerns about its relationship with COVID-19 vaccination. Several case reports described ANCA-associated pauci-immune glomerulonephritis (ANCA-GN) following COVID-19 vaccination with some uniqueness. We systematically reviewed COVID-19 vaccine-induced ANCA-GN from PubMed, SCOPUS, and Cochrane library databases until 1 January 2023 according to PRISMA guidelines and presented our three cases. Twenty-six cases from 25 articles, including our 3 cases, were analyzed. Most cases were diagnosed following the second dose of the COVID-19 vaccine (59%) with a median (IQR) interval onset of 14 (16) days. The highest prevalence was related to the mRNA-type vaccine. Anti-myeloperoxidase (MPO) ANCA was far more common than the other ANCAs, with various positive autoantibodies. Fourteen cases (out of 29 cases, 48%) had extra-kidney AAV manifestation. Although severe kidney injury was observed in 10/29 (34%), remission was achieved in 89% (25/28) with no death. The mechanisms of the vaccine-inducing ANCA-GN were postulated here. Since ANCA-GN after the COVID-19 vaccine was rare, the benefit of the COVID-19 vaccine could outweigh the risk of ANCA-GN side effects in the pandemic era.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/11/5/983SARS-CoV-2 vaccinationCOVID-19 vaccineANCA-associated pauci-immune glomerulonephritisANCA-associated vasculitis |
| spellingShingle | Theerachai Thammathiwat Athiphat Banjongjit Kroonpong Iampenkhae Natavudh Townamchai Talerngsak Kanjanabuch ANCA Associated Glomerulonephritis Following SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination: A Case Series and Systematic Review Vaccines SARS-CoV-2 vaccination COVID-19 vaccine ANCA-associated pauci-immune glomerulonephritis ANCA-associated vasculitis |
| title | ANCA Associated Glomerulonephritis Following SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination: A Case Series and Systematic Review |
| title_full | ANCA Associated Glomerulonephritis Following SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination: A Case Series and Systematic Review |
| title_fullStr | ANCA Associated Glomerulonephritis Following SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination: A Case Series and Systematic Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | ANCA Associated Glomerulonephritis Following SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination: A Case Series and Systematic Review |
| title_short | ANCA Associated Glomerulonephritis Following SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination: A Case Series and Systematic Review |
| title_sort | anca associated glomerulonephritis following sars cov 2 vaccination a case series and systematic review |
| topic | SARS-CoV-2 vaccination COVID-19 vaccine ANCA-associated pauci-immune glomerulonephritis ANCA-associated vasculitis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/11/5/983 |
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