Change Trend and Restoration Potential of Vegetation Net Primary Productivity in China over the Past 20 Years
As an important vegetation parameter and ecological index, vegetation net primary productivity (NPP) can intuitively reflect changes in the ecological environment and the level of the carbon budget. However, the change trend of NPP and its recovery potential in China over the past 20 years remain un...
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/7/1634 |
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| author | Guobo Liu Quanqin Shao Jiangwen Fan Jia Ning Kai Rong Haibo Huang Shuchao Liu Xiongyi Zhang Linan Niu Jiyuan Liu |
| author_facet | Guobo Liu Quanqin Shao Jiangwen Fan Jia Ning Kai Rong Haibo Huang Shuchao Liu Xiongyi Zhang Linan Niu Jiyuan Liu |
| author_sort | Guobo Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | As an important vegetation parameter and ecological index, vegetation net primary productivity (NPP) can intuitively reflect changes in the ecological environment and the level of the carbon budget. However, the change trend of NPP and its recovery potential in China over the past 20 years remain unclear. Here, we used trend analysis, multiple regression analysis and residual analysis methods to analyse the change trend in the NPP of China’s terrestrial ecosystems from 2000 to 2019, as well as the climax background, restoration status and restoration potential of the NPP of forest, grassland and desert ecosystems. The results showed that (1) the change in vegetation NPP in China from 2000 to 2019 showed a continuous upward trend, with a change slope of 2.39 gC/m<sup>2</sup>/a<sup>2</sup>, and the area with a positive slope of change accounted for 68.10% of the country’s land area. The contribution rates of meteorological conditions and human activities to vegetation NPP changes were 85.41% and 14.59%, respectively. (2) The results obtained by the regression analysis method of meteorological conditions based on nature reserves could reflect the zonal climax vegetation status to a large extent, and the obtained values had a smooth transition within each ecogeographical division and between each ecogeographical division, which truly reflected the law of gradual change in climate, vegetation and natural conditions. The annual total NPP of the climax background vegetation in China’s forest, grassland and desert ecosystems was approximately 2.76 ± 0.28 PgC, and the annual total NPP of the three ecosystems was 1.90 ± 0.2 PgC, 0.80 ± 0.07 PgC and 0.009 ± 0.0005 PgC, respectively. (3) The annual total vegetation NPP of the restoration status of China’s forest, grassland and desert ecosystems was 2.24 PgC, and the annual total vegetation NPP of the three was 1.54 PgC, 0.65 PgC and 0.007 PgC, respectively. Benefiting from the effective implementation of climate warming and humidification and ecological engineering, the agro-pastoral zone, the Loess Plateau, the eastern Sichuan Basin and the Greater Khingan Range had the most significant increases in the past 20 years. (4) The annual total vegetation NPP of China’s forest, grassland and desert ecosystem restoration potential was approximately 0.52 ± 0.28 PgC, which accounted for approximately 19.05% of the annual total NPP of the climax background vegetation. The annual total vegetation NPP of forest, grassland and desert ecosystems restoration status was 0.36 ± 0.2 PgC, 0.16 ± 0.07 PgC and 0.002 ± 0.0005 PgC, respectively; the restoration potential accounted for 18.80%, 9.67% and 23.95% of the climax background vegetation NPP, respectively. The deployment of ecological projects should fully consider the restrictive climate conditions for decision makers and ecological scholars, and the benefits and costs of the projects should be considered comprehensively. |
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| language | English |
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| spelling | doaj.art-09b38f1309e24053afda7a583190d4612023-11-30T23:56:48ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922022-03-01147163410.3390/rs14071634Change Trend and Restoration Potential of Vegetation Net Primary Productivity in China over the Past 20 YearsGuobo Liu0Quanqin Shao1Jiangwen Fan2Jia Ning3Kai Rong4Haibo Huang5Shuchao Liu6Xiongyi Zhang7Linan Niu8Jiyuan Liu9The Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaThe Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaThe Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaThe Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaShanghai Kaiqing Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201101, ChinaThe Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaThe Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaThe Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaThe Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaThe Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaAs an important vegetation parameter and ecological index, vegetation net primary productivity (NPP) can intuitively reflect changes in the ecological environment and the level of the carbon budget. However, the change trend of NPP and its recovery potential in China over the past 20 years remain unclear. Here, we used trend analysis, multiple regression analysis and residual analysis methods to analyse the change trend in the NPP of China’s terrestrial ecosystems from 2000 to 2019, as well as the climax background, restoration status and restoration potential of the NPP of forest, grassland and desert ecosystems. The results showed that (1) the change in vegetation NPP in China from 2000 to 2019 showed a continuous upward trend, with a change slope of 2.39 gC/m<sup>2</sup>/a<sup>2</sup>, and the area with a positive slope of change accounted for 68.10% of the country’s land area. The contribution rates of meteorological conditions and human activities to vegetation NPP changes were 85.41% and 14.59%, respectively. (2) The results obtained by the regression analysis method of meteorological conditions based on nature reserves could reflect the zonal climax vegetation status to a large extent, and the obtained values had a smooth transition within each ecogeographical division and between each ecogeographical division, which truly reflected the law of gradual change in climate, vegetation and natural conditions. The annual total NPP of the climax background vegetation in China’s forest, grassland and desert ecosystems was approximately 2.76 ± 0.28 PgC, and the annual total NPP of the three ecosystems was 1.90 ± 0.2 PgC, 0.80 ± 0.07 PgC and 0.009 ± 0.0005 PgC, respectively. (3) The annual total vegetation NPP of the restoration status of China’s forest, grassland and desert ecosystems was 2.24 PgC, and the annual total vegetation NPP of the three was 1.54 PgC, 0.65 PgC and 0.007 PgC, respectively. Benefiting from the effective implementation of climate warming and humidification and ecological engineering, the agro-pastoral zone, the Loess Plateau, the eastern Sichuan Basin and the Greater Khingan Range had the most significant increases in the past 20 years. (4) The annual total vegetation NPP of China’s forest, grassland and desert ecosystem restoration potential was approximately 0.52 ± 0.28 PgC, which accounted for approximately 19.05% of the annual total NPP of the climax background vegetation. The annual total vegetation NPP of forest, grassland and desert ecosystems restoration status was 0.36 ± 0.2 PgC, 0.16 ± 0.07 PgC and 0.002 ± 0.0005 PgC, respectively; the restoration potential accounted for 18.80%, 9.67% and 23.95% of the climax background vegetation NPP, respectively. The deployment of ecological projects should fully consider the restrictive climate conditions for decision makers and ecological scholars, and the benefits and costs of the projects should be considered comprehensively.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/7/1634China’s vegetationecosystemnet primary productivityclimax backgroundrestoration potential |
| spellingShingle | Guobo Liu Quanqin Shao Jiangwen Fan Jia Ning Kai Rong Haibo Huang Shuchao Liu Xiongyi Zhang Linan Niu Jiyuan Liu Change Trend and Restoration Potential of Vegetation Net Primary Productivity in China over the Past 20 Years Remote Sensing China’s vegetation ecosystem net primary productivity climax background restoration potential |
| title | Change Trend and Restoration Potential of Vegetation Net Primary Productivity in China over the Past 20 Years |
| title_full | Change Trend and Restoration Potential of Vegetation Net Primary Productivity in China over the Past 20 Years |
| title_fullStr | Change Trend and Restoration Potential of Vegetation Net Primary Productivity in China over the Past 20 Years |
| title_full_unstemmed | Change Trend and Restoration Potential of Vegetation Net Primary Productivity in China over the Past 20 Years |
| title_short | Change Trend and Restoration Potential of Vegetation Net Primary Productivity in China over the Past 20 Years |
| title_sort | change trend and restoration potential of vegetation net primary productivity in china over the past 20 years |
| topic | China’s vegetation ecosystem net primary productivity climax background restoration potential |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/7/1634 |
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