Scandium-44: Diagnostic Feasibility in Tumor-Related Angiogenesis
Angiogenesis-related cell-surface molecules, including integrins, aminopeptidase N, vascular endothelial growth factor, and gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR), play a crucial role in tumour formation. Radiolabelled imaging probes targeting angiogenic biomarkers serve as valuable vectors in tu...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/8/7400 |
| _version_ | 1797605055711412224 |
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| author | György Trencsényi Zita Képes |
| author_facet | György Trencsényi Zita Képes |
| author_sort | György Trencsényi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Angiogenesis-related cell-surface molecules, including integrins, aminopeptidase N, vascular endothelial growth factor, and gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR), play a crucial role in tumour formation. Radiolabelled imaging probes targeting angiogenic biomarkers serve as valuable vectors in tumour identification. Nowadays, there is a growing interest in novel radionuclides other than gallium-68 (<sup>68</sup>Ga) or copper-64 (<sup>64</sup>Cu) to establish selective radiotracers for the imaging of tumour-associated neo-angiogenesis. Given its ideal decay characteristics (E<sub>β</sub><sup>+</sup><sub>average</sub>: 632 KeV) and a half-life (T<sub>1/2</sub> = 3.97 h) that is well matched to the pharmacokinetic profile of small molecules targeting angiogenesis, scandium-44 (<sup>44</sup>Sc) has gained meaningful attention as a promising radiometal for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. More recently, intensive research has been centered around the investigation of <sup>44</sup>Sc-labelled angiogenesis-directed radiopharmaceuticals. Previous studies dealt with the evaluation of <sup>44</sup>Sc-appended a<sub>v</sub>b<sub>3</sub> integrin–affine Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) tripeptides, GRPR-selective aminobenzoyl–bombesin analogue (AMBA), and hypoxia-associated nitroimidazole derivatives in the identification of various cancers using experimental tumour models. Given the tumour-related hypoxia- and angiogenesis-targeting capability of these PET probes, <sup>44</sup>Sc seems to be a strong competitor of the currently used positron emitters in radiotracer development. In this review, we summarize the preliminary preclinical achievements with <sup>44</sup>Sc-labelled angiogenesis-specific molecular probes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:55:42Z |
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| id | doaj.art-09c8e3c6aefc4a9ea60560361db3521e |
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| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:55:42Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-09c8e3c6aefc4a9ea60560361db3521e2023-11-17T19:39:48ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-04-01248740010.3390/ijms24087400Scandium-44: Diagnostic Feasibility in Tumor-Related AngiogenesisGyörgy Trencsényi0Zita Képes1Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, HungaryDivision of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, HungaryAngiogenesis-related cell-surface molecules, including integrins, aminopeptidase N, vascular endothelial growth factor, and gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR), play a crucial role in tumour formation. Radiolabelled imaging probes targeting angiogenic biomarkers serve as valuable vectors in tumour identification. Nowadays, there is a growing interest in novel radionuclides other than gallium-68 (<sup>68</sup>Ga) or copper-64 (<sup>64</sup>Cu) to establish selective radiotracers for the imaging of tumour-associated neo-angiogenesis. Given its ideal decay characteristics (E<sub>β</sub><sup>+</sup><sub>average</sub>: 632 KeV) and a half-life (T<sub>1/2</sub> = 3.97 h) that is well matched to the pharmacokinetic profile of small molecules targeting angiogenesis, scandium-44 (<sup>44</sup>Sc) has gained meaningful attention as a promising radiometal for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. More recently, intensive research has been centered around the investigation of <sup>44</sup>Sc-labelled angiogenesis-directed radiopharmaceuticals. Previous studies dealt with the evaluation of <sup>44</sup>Sc-appended a<sub>v</sub>b<sub>3</sub> integrin–affine Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) tripeptides, GRPR-selective aminobenzoyl–bombesin analogue (AMBA), and hypoxia-associated nitroimidazole derivatives in the identification of various cancers using experimental tumour models. Given the tumour-related hypoxia- and angiogenesis-targeting capability of these PET probes, <sup>44</sup>Sc seems to be a strong competitor of the currently used positron emitters in radiotracer development. In this review, we summarize the preliminary preclinical achievements with <sup>44</sup>Sc-labelled angiogenesis-specific molecular probes.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/8/7400aminobenzoyl–bombesin analogue (AMBA)aminopeptidase N (APN/CD13)angiogenesiscarcinogenesisgastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR)integrin |
| spellingShingle | György Trencsényi Zita Képes Scandium-44: Diagnostic Feasibility in Tumor-Related Angiogenesis International Journal of Molecular Sciences aminobenzoyl–bombesin analogue (AMBA) aminopeptidase N (APN/CD13) angiogenesis carcinogenesis gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) integrin |
| title | Scandium-44: Diagnostic Feasibility in Tumor-Related Angiogenesis |
| title_full | Scandium-44: Diagnostic Feasibility in Tumor-Related Angiogenesis |
| title_fullStr | Scandium-44: Diagnostic Feasibility in Tumor-Related Angiogenesis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Scandium-44: Diagnostic Feasibility in Tumor-Related Angiogenesis |
| title_short | Scandium-44: Diagnostic Feasibility in Tumor-Related Angiogenesis |
| title_sort | scandium 44 diagnostic feasibility in tumor related angiogenesis |
| topic | aminobenzoyl–bombesin analogue (AMBA) aminopeptidase N (APN/CD13) angiogenesis carcinogenesis gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) integrin |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/8/7400 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT gyorgytrencsenyi scandium44diagnosticfeasibilityintumorrelatedangiogenesis AT zitakepes scandium44diagnosticfeasibilityintumorrelatedangiogenesis |