The European Standard Reference Method systematically underestimates particulate matter in stack emissions
For the quantification of particulate matter (PM) emitted into the atmosphere from industrial plants, reliable sampling methods are required. We have studied systematic errors in PM emission measurements performed according to the standard EN 13284-1, the legally required method in Europe for PM mea...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Atmospheric Environment: X |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590162121000332 |
| _version_ | 1819194597690048512 |
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| author | Egill Antonsson Jens Cordes Benno Stoffels Dominik Wildanger |
| author_facet | Egill Antonsson Jens Cordes Benno Stoffels Dominik Wildanger |
| author_sort | Egill Antonsson |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | For the quantification of particulate matter (PM) emitted into the atmosphere from industrial plants, reliable sampling methods are required. We have studied systematic errors in PM emission measurements performed according to the standard EN 13284-1, the legally required method in Europe for PM measurements of low concentrations in ducted gaseous streams. We analyzed a unique data set, covering 1614 PM samplings performed on a stack simulator, where the actual PM concentration was determined independently and traceably, allowing us to gain insight not only into the variability of the results obtained, but also into trueness of the measured PM concentrations.We found that the European Standard Reference Method (SRM) EN 13284-1 as applied by practitioners underestimates PM concentrations systematically by 13%. By varying the suction velocity into the sampling nozzles, as well as the nozzle geometry, we determined two main contributions for the underreporting of PM concentrations. First, the widespread practice by operators to perform PM sampling at 5% superisokinetic suction velocity leads to lower measured PM concentrations, which accounts for ca. one third of the underestimate. And second, the bulkiness of the nozzles generally used, which are not thin walled enough to allow representative sampling, with the use of bulky nozzles accounting for additional one third of the underreporting. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-23T01:59:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-09d702e68e154ab69db7148088024543 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2590-1621 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-23T01:59:24Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmospheric Environment: X |
| spelling | doaj.art-09d702e68e154ab69db71480880245432022-12-21T18:04:02ZengElsevierAtmospheric Environment: X2590-16212021-12-0112100133The European Standard Reference Method systematically underestimates particulate matter in stack emissionsEgill Antonsson0Jens Cordes1Benno Stoffels2Dominik Wildanger3Hessian Agency for Nature Conservation, Environment and Geology (HLNUG), Ludwig-Mond-Str. 33, D-34121 Kassel, GermanyHessian Agency for Nature Conservation, Environment and Geology (HLNUG), Ludwig-Mond-Str. 33, D-34121 Kassel, GermanyHessian Agency for Nature Conservation, Environment and Geology (HLNUG), Ludwig-Mond-Str. 33, D-34121 Kassel, GermanyCorresponding author.; Hessian Agency for Nature Conservation, Environment and Geology (HLNUG), Ludwig-Mond-Str. 33, D-34121 Kassel, GermanyFor the quantification of particulate matter (PM) emitted into the atmosphere from industrial plants, reliable sampling methods are required. We have studied systematic errors in PM emission measurements performed according to the standard EN 13284-1, the legally required method in Europe for PM measurements of low concentrations in ducted gaseous streams. We analyzed a unique data set, covering 1614 PM samplings performed on a stack simulator, where the actual PM concentration was determined independently and traceably, allowing us to gain insight not only into the variability of the results obtained, but also into trueness of the measured PM concentrations.We found that the European Standard Reference Method (SRM) EN 13284-1 as applied by practitioners underestimates PM concentrations systematically by 13%. By varying the suction velocity into the sampling nozzles, as well as the nozzle geometry, we determined two main contributions for the underreporting of PM concentrations. First, the widespread practice by operators to perform PM sampling at 5% superisokinetic suction velocity leads to lower measured PM concentrations, which accounts for ca. one third of the underestimate. And second, the bulkiness of the nozzles generally used, which are not thin walled enough to allow representative sampling, with the use of bulky nozzles accounting for additional one third of the underreporting.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590162121000332Air pollutionParticulate matterAerosolsEnvironmental pollutionAtmospheric chemistry |
| spellingShingle | Egill Antonsson Jens Cordes Benno Stoffels Dominik Wildanger The European Standard Reference Method systematically underestimates particulate matter in stack emissions Atmospheric Environment: X Air pollution Particulate matter Aerosols Environmental pollution Atmospheric chemistry |
| title | The European Standard Reference Method systematically underestimates particulate matter in stack emissions |
| title_full | The European Standard Reference Method systematically underestimates particulate matter in stack emissions |
| title_fullStr | The European Standard Reference Method systematically underestimates particulate matter in stack emissions |
| title_full_unstemmed | The European Standard Reference Method systematically underestimates particulate matter in stack emissions |
| title_short | The European Standard Reference Method systematically underestimates particulate matter in stack emissions |
| title_sort | european standard reference method systematically underestimates particulate matter in stack emissions |
| topic | Air pollution Particulate matter Aerosols Environmental pollution Atmospheric chemistry |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590162121000332 |
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