Ethyl Formate as a New Sanitary Treatment for Disinfesting the Hitchhiking Insect Pest <i>Halyomorpha halys</i> on Imported Nonfood Agricultural Machinery
With an increase in the international trade of agricultural and non-agricultural products, there is an increase in the possibility of introducing hitchhiking insect pests such as <i>Halyomorpha halys</i>, which has been detected on imported vehicles and agricultural machinery. Although m...
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MDPI AG
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/21/11764 |
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| author | Kyeongnam Kim Dongbin Kim Byung-Ho Lee Gwang Hyun Roh Kyung Won Kim Hwan-Young Jeon Sung-Eun Lee |
| author_facet | Kyeongnam Kim Dongbin Kim Byung-Ho Lee Gwang Hyun Roh Kyung Won Kim Hwan-Young Jeon Sung-Eun Lee |
| author_sort | Kyeongnam Kim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | With an increase in the international trade of agricultural and non-agricultural products, there is an increase in the possibility of introducing hitchhiking insect pests such as <i>Halyomorpha halys</i>, which has been detected on imported vehicles and agricultural machinery. Although methyl bromide (MB) is provisionally used to control invasive pests, it is classified as a restricted chemical owing to its potential to deplete the ozone layer and pose health risks to humans in cases of inadequate ventilation, as well as concerns regarding consumer safety. Therefore, this study investigated ethyl formate’s (EF’s) efficacy against <i>H. halys</i> and its efficacy and sorption, as an alternative to MB, on main electronic components, including alternators, ignition coils, and motors. Fumigation with 35 and 70 g/m<sup>3</sup> EF for 4 h at 15 °C had no damage on the main electronic components as evaluated using various operation tests. In a commercial trial, <i>H. halys</i> infestation was effectively controlled with 35 g/m<sup>3</sup> EF fumigated for 4 h at 23 °C using a 30 m<sup>3</sup> polyvinyl chloride tarpaulin fumigation chamber. After ventilation, the EF concentration decreased below the safety level within 10 min and reached the zero level within 40 min for worker safety. This novel sanitary treatment using EF fumigation on imported agricultural machinery could be an effective method without causing mechanical damage. |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T11:33:15Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
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| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-09d9f48900bc490ea369cf649e354d952023-11-10T14:58:38ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172023-10-0113211176410.3390/app132111764Ethyl Formate as a New Sanitary Treatment for Disinfesting the Hitchhiking Insect Pest <i>Halyomorpha halys</i> on Imported Nonfood Agricultural MachineryKyeongnam Kim0Dongbin Kim1Byung-Ho Lee2Gwang Hyun Roh3Kyung Won Kim4Hwan-Young Jeon5Sung-Eun Lee6Institute of Quality & Safety Evaluation of Agricultural Product, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of KoreaInstitute of Quality & Safety Evaluation of Agricultural Product, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of KoreaInstitute of Quality & Safety Evaluation of Agricultural Product, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Plant Medicine, Institute of Agriculture & Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of KoreaAnimal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of KoreaDivision of Automobile, Busan Institute of Science and Technology, Busan 46639, Republic of KoreaInstitute of Quality & Safety Evaluation of Agricultural Product, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of KoreaWith an increase in the international trade of agricultural and non-agricultural products, there is an increase in the possibility of introducing hitchhiking insect pests such as <i>Halyomorpha halys</i>, which has been detected on imported vehicles and agricultural machinery. Although methyl bromide (MB) is provisionally used to control invasive pests, it is classified as a restricted chemical owing to its potential to deplete the ozone layer and pose health risks to humans in cases of inadequate ventilation, as well as concerns regarding consumer safety. Therefore, this study investigated ethyl formate’s (EF’s) efficacy against <i>H. halys</i> and its efficacy and sorption, as an alternative to MB, on main electronic components, including alternators, ignition coils, and motors. Fumigation with 35 and 70 g/m<sup>3</sup> EF for 4 h at 15 °C had no damage on the main electronic components as evaluated using various operation tests. In a commercial trial, <i>H. halys</i> infestation was effectively controlled with 35 g/m<sup>3</sup> EF fumigated for 4 h at 23 °C using a 30 m<sup>3</sup> polyvinyl chloride tarpaulin fumigation chamber. After ventilation, the EF concentration decreased below the safety level within 10 min and reached the zero level within 40 min for worker safety. This novel sanitary treatment using EF fumigation on imported agricultural machinery could be an effective method without causing mechanical damage.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/21/11764fumigationinternational tradesanitary disinfestationreactivity testimported agricultural machinerybrown marmorated stink bug |
| spellingShingle | Kyeongnam Kim Dongbin Kim Byung-Ho Lee Gwang Hyun Roh Kyung Won Kim Hwan-Young Jeon Sung-Eun Lee Ethyl Formate as a New Sanitary Treatment for Disinfesting the Hitchhiking Insect Pest <i>Halyomorpha halys</i> on Imported Nonfood Agricultural Machinery Applied Sciences fumigation international trade sanitary disinfestation reactivity test imported agricultural machinery brown marmorated stink bug |
| title | Ethyl Formate as a New Sanitary Treatment for Disinfesting the Hitchhiking Insect Pest <i>Halyomorpha halys</i> on Imported Nonfood Agricultural Machinery |
| title_full | Ethyl Formate as a New Sanitary Treatment for Disinfesting the Hitchhiking Insect Pest <i>Halyomorpha halys</i> on Imported Nonfood Agricultural Machinery |
| title_fullStr | Ethyl Formate as a New Sanitary Treatment for Disinfesting the Hitchhiking Insect Pest <i>Halyomorpha halys</i> on Imported Nonfood Agricultural Machinery |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ethyl Formate as a New Sanitary Treatment for Disinfesting the Hitchhiking Insect Pest <i>Halyomorpha halys</i> on Imported Nonfood Agricultural Machinery |
| title_short | Ethyl Formate as a New Sanitary Treatment for Disinfesting the Hitchhiking Insect Pest <i>Halyomorpha halys</i> on Imported Nonfood Agricultural Machinery |
| title_sort | ethyl formate as a new sanitary treatment for disinfesting the hitchhiking insect pest i halyomorpha halys i on imported nonfood agricultural machinery |
| topic | fumigation international trade sanitary disinfestation reactivity test imported agricultural machinery brown marmorated stink bug |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/21/11764 |
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