Molecular Evidence Supports Five Lineages within <i>Chiropotes</i> (Pitheciidae, Platyrrhini)
Pitheciines have unique dental specializations among New World monkeys that allow them to feed on fruits with hard pericarps, thus playing a major role as seed predators. The three extant pitheciine genera, <i>Pithecia</i>, <i>Cacajao</i> and <i>Chiropotes</i>, ar...
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MDPI AG
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Genes |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/14/7/1309 |
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| author | Jeferson Carneiro Iracilda Sampaio José de S. e Silva-Júnior Antonio Martins-Junior Izeni Farias Tomas Hrbek Jean Boubli Horacio Schneider |
| author_facet | Jeferson Carneiro Iracilda Sampaio José de S. e Silva-Júnior Antonio Martins-Junior Izeni Farias Tomas Hrbek Jean Boubli Horacio Schneider |
| author_sort | Jeferson Carneiro |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Pitheciines have unique dental specializations among New World monkeys that allow them to feed on fruits with hard pericarps, thus playing a major role as seed predators. The three extant pitheciine genera, <i>Pithecia</i>, <i>Cacajao</i> and <i>Chiropotes</i>, are all endemic to the Amazon region. Because of the uncertainties about interspecific relationships, we reviewed the systematics and taxonomy of the genus <i>Chiropotes</i>. The phylogenetic analyses were performed based on Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference, while species delimitation analyses were carried out using multispecies coalescent methods. In addition, we estimated genetic distances, divergence time and the probable ancestral distribution of this genus. Our results support five species of <i>Chiropotes</i> that emerged during the Plio-Pleistocene. Biogeographic estimates suggest that the ancestor of the current <i>Chiropotes</i> species occupied the endemism areas from Rondônia and Tapajós. Later, subsequent radiation and founder effects associated with the formation of the Amazonian basins probably determined the speciation events within <i>Chiropotes</i>. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:02:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-09db988443a743e1aae87d9207812edc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4425 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:02:16Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Genes |
| spelling | doaj.art-09db988443a743e1aae87d9207812edc2023-11-18T19:28:32ZengMDPI AGGenes2073-44252023-06-01147130910.3390/genes14071309Molecular Evidence Supports Five Lineages within <i>Chiropotes</i> (Pitheciidae, Platyrrhini)Jeferson Carneiro0Iracilda Sampaio1José de S. e Silva-Júnior2Antonio Martins-Junior3Izeni Farias4Tomas Hrbek5Jean Boubli6Horacio Schneider7Institute of Coastal Studies, University Campus of Bragança, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Pará, BrazilInstitute of Coastal Studies, University Campus of Bragança, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Pará, BrazilMuseu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Mastozoology, Belém 66077-830, Pará, BrazilFederal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Pará, Campus Tucuruí, Tucuruí 68455-210, Pará, BrazilLaboratório de Evolução e Genética Animal, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus 69067-005, Amazonas, BrazilLaboratório de Evolução e Genética Animal, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus 69067-005, Amazonas, BrazilSchool of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford M5 4WT, UKInstitute of Coastal Studies, University Campus of Bragança, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Pará, BrazilPitheciines have unique dental specializations among New World monkeys that allow them to feed on fruits with hard pericarps, thus playing a major role as seed predators. The three extant pitheciine genera, <i>Pithecia</i>, <i>Cacajao</i> and <i>Chiropotes</i>, are all endemic to the Amazon region. Because of the uncertainties about interspecific relationships, we reviewed the systematics and taxonomy of the genus <i>Chiropotes</i>. The phylogenetic analyses were performed based on Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference, while species delimitation analyses were carried out using multispecies coalescent methods. In addition, we estimated genetic distances, divergence time and the probable ancestral distribution of this genus. Our results support five species of <i>Chiropotes</i> that emerged during the Plio-Pleistocene. Biogeographic estimates suggest that the ancestor of the current <i>Chiropotes</i> species occupied the endemism areas from Rondônia and Tapajós. Later, subsequent radiation and founder effects associated with the formation of the Amazonian basins probably determined the speciation events within <i>Chiropotes</i>.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/14/7/1309cuxiuphylogenybiogeography <i>Chiropotes</i> |
| spellingShingle | Jeferson Carneiro Iracilda Sampaio José de S. e Silva-Júnior Antonio Martins-Junior Izeni Farias Tomas Hrbek Jean Boubli Horacio Schneider Molecular Evidence Supports Five Lineages within <i>Chiropotes</i> (Pitheciidae, Platyrrhini) Genes cuxiu phylogeny biogeography <i>Chiropotes</i> |
| title | Molecular Evidence Supports Five Lineages within <i>Chiropotes</i> (Pitheciidae, Platyrrhini) |
| title_full | Molecular Evidence Supports Five Lineages within <i>Chiropotes</i> (Pitheciidae, Platyrrhini) |
| title_fullStr | Molecular Evidence Supports Five Lineages within <i>Chiropotes</i> (Pitheciidae, Platyrrhini) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Molecular Evidence Supports Five Lineages within <i>Chiropotes</i> (Pitheciidae, Platyrrhini) |
| title_short | Molecular Evidence Supports Five Lineages within <i>Chiropotes</i> (Pitheciidae, Platyrrhini) |
| title_sort | molecular evidence supports five lineages within i chiropotes i pitheciidae platyrrhini |
| topic | cuxiu phylogeny biogeography <i>Chiropotes</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/14/7/1309 |
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