Scandium and Titanium Recovery from Bauxite Residue by Direct Leaching with a Brønsted Acidic Ionic Liquid
In this study, bauxite residue was directly leached using the Brønsted acidic ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogensulfate. Stirring rate, retention time, temperature, and pulp density have been studied in detail as the parameters that affect the leaching process. Their optimi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2018-10-01
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| Series: | Metals |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/8/10/834 |
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| author | Chiara Bonomi Alexandra Alexandri Johannes Vind Angeliki Panagiotopoulou Petros Tsakiridis Dimitrios Panias |
| author_facet | Chiara Bonomi Alexandra Alexandri Johannes Vind Angeliki Panagiotopoulou Petros Tsakiridis Dimitrios Panias |
| author_sort | Chiara Bonomi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study, bauxite residue was directly leached using the Brønsted acidic ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogensulfate. Stirring rate, retention time, temperature, and pulp density have been studied in detail as the parameters that affect the leaching process. Their optimized combination has shown high recovery yields of Sc, nearly 80%, and Ti (90%), almost total dissolution of Fe, while Al and Na were partially extracted in the range of 30–40%. Si and rare earth element (REEs) dissolutions were found to be negligible, whereas Ca was dissolved and reprecipitated as CaSO4. The solid residue after leaching was fully characterized, providing explanations for the destiny of REEs that remain undissolved during the leaching process. The solid residue produced after dissolution can be further treated to extract REEs, while the leachate can be subjected to metal recovery processes (i.e., liquid–liquid extraction) to extract metals and regenerate ionic liquid. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-23T05:51:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-09e0357690de4f87b1504b3b38e93092 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4701 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-23T05:51:47Z |
| publishDate | 2018-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Metals |
| spelling | doaj.art-09e0357690de4f87b1504b3b38e930922022-12-21T17:57:56ZengMDPI AGMetals2075-47012018-10-0181083410.3390/met8100834met8100834Scandium and Titanium Recovery from Bauxite Residue by Direct Leaching with a Brønsted Acidic Ionic LiquidChiara Bonomi0Alexandra Alexandri1Johannes Vind2Angeliki Panagiotopoulou3Petros Tsakiridis4Dimitrios Panias5School of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Iroon Polytechniou 9, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, GreeceSchool of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Iroon Polytechniou 9, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, GreeceSchool of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Iroon Polytechniou 9, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, GreeceInstitute of Biosciences & Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Patr. Gregoriou E & 27 Neapoleos Str, Agia Paraskevi, 15310 Athens, GreeceSchool of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Iroon Polytechniou 9, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, GreeceSchool of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Iroon Polytechniou 9, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, GreeceIn this study, bauxite residue was directly leached using the Brønsted acidic ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogensulfate. Stirring rate, retention time, temperature, and pulp density have been studied in detail as the parameters that affect the leaching process. Their optimized combination has shown high recovery yields of Sc, nearly 80%, and Ti (90%), almost total dissolution of Fe, while Al and Na were partially extracted in the range of 30–40%. Si and rare earth element (REEs) dissolutions were found to be negligible, whereas Ca was dissolved and reprecipitated as CaSO4. The solid residue after leaching was fully characterized, providing explanations for the destiny of REEs that remain undissolved during the leaching process. The solid residue produced after dissolution can be further treated to extract REEs, while the leachate can be subjected to metal recovery processes (i.e., liquid–liquid extraction) to extract metals and regenerate ionic liquid.http://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/8/10/834bauxite residuered mudionic liquidsscandium recoverytitanium recovery |
| spellingShingle | Chiara Bonomi Alexandra Alexandri Johannes Vind Angeliki Panagiotopoulou Petros Tsakiridis Dimitrios Panias Scandium and Titanium Recovery from Bauxite Residue by Direct Leaching with a Brønsted Acidic Ionic Liquid Metals bauxite residue red mud ionic liquids scandium recovery titanium recovery |
| title | Scandium and Titanium Recovery from Bauxite Residue by Direct Leaching with a Brønsted Acidic Ionic Liquid |
| title_full | Scandium and Titanium Recovery from Bauxite Residue by Direct Leaching with a Brønsted Acidic Ionic Liquid |
| title_fullStr | Scandium and Titanium Recovery from Bauxite Residue by Direct Leaching with a Brønsted Acidic Ionic Liquid |
| title_full_unstemmed | Scandium and Titanium Recovery from Bauxite Residue by Direct Leaching with a Brønsted Acidic Ionic Liquid |
| title_short | Scandium and Titanium Recovery from Bauxite Residue by Direct Leaching with a Brønsted Acidic Ionic Liquid |
| title_sort | scandium and titanium recovery from bauxite residue by direct leaching with a bronsted acidic ionic liquid |
| topic | bauxite residue red mud ionic liquids scandium recovery titanium recovery |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/8/10/834 |
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