Electrochemistry of Flavonoids
This review presents a description of the available data from the literature on the electrochemical properties of flavonoids. The emphasis has been placed on the mechanism of oxidation processes and an attempt was made to find a general relation between the observed reaction paths and the structure...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/22/7618 |
| _version_ | 1827639101374857216 |
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| author | Dorota Naróg Andrzej Sobkowiak |
| author_facet | Dorota Naróg Andrzej Sobkowiak |
| author_sort | Dorota Naróg |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This review presents a description of the available data from the literature on the electrochemical properties of flavonoids. The emphasis has been placed on the mechanism of oxidation processes and an attempt was made to find a general relation between the observed reaction paths and the structure of flavonoids. Regardless of the solvent used, three potential regions related to flavonoid structures are characteristic of the occurrence of their electrochemical oxidation. The potential values depend on the solvent used. In the less positive potential region, flavonoids, which have an <i>ortho</i> dihydroxy moiety, are reversibly oxidized to corresponding <i>o</i>-quinones. The <i>o</i>-quinones, if they possess a C3 hydroxyl group, react with water to form a benzofuranone derivative (<b>II</b>). In the second potential region, (<b>II</b>) is irreversibly oxidized. In this potential region, some flavonoids without an <i>ortho</i> dihydroxy moiety can also be oxidized to the corresponding <i>p</i>-quinone methides. The oxidation of the hydroxyl groups located in ring A, which are not in the <i>ortho</i> position, occurs in the third potential region at the most positive values. Some discrepancies in the reported reaction mechanisms have been indicated, and this is a good starting point for further investigations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:33:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-09f8ce87862843a887e2c5e3d5d39b24 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:33:56Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-09f8ce87862843a887e2c5e3d5d39b242023-11-24T14:58:27ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492023-11-012822761810.3390/molecules28227618Electrochemistry of FlavonoidsDorota Naróg0Andrzej Sobkowiak1Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszów University of Technology, 35-959 Rzeszów, PolandDepartment of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszów University of Technology, 35-959 Rzeszów, PolandThis review presents a description of the available data from the literature on the electrochemical properties of flavonoids. The emphasis has been placed on the mechanism of oxidation processes and an attempt was made to find a general relation between the observed reaction paths and the structure of flavonoids. Regardless of the solvent used, three potential regions related to flavonoid structures are characteristic of the occurrence of their electrochemical oxidation. The potential values depend on the solvent used. In the less positive potential region, flavonoids, which have an <i>ortho</i> dihydroxy moiety, are reversibly oxidized to corresponding <i>o</i>-quinones. The <i>o</i>-quinones, if they possess a C3 hydroxyl group, react with water to form a benzofuranone derivative (<b>II</b>). In the second potential region, (<b>II</b>) is irreversibly oxidized. In this potential region, some flavonoids without an <i>ortho</i> dihydroxy moiety can also be oxidized to the corresponding <i>p</i>-quinone methides. The oxidation of the hydroxyl groups located in ring A, which are not in the <i>ortho</i> position, occurs in the third potential region at the most positive values. Some discrepancies in the reported reaction mechanisms have been indicated, and this is a good starting point for further investigations.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/22/7618flavonoidselectrochemical oxidationredox propertiescyclic voltammetry |
| spellingShingle | Dorota Naróg Andrzej Sobkowiak Electrochemistry of Flavonoids Molecules flavonoids electrochemical oxidation redox properties cyclic voltammetry |
| title | Electrochemistry of Flavonoids |
| title_full | Electrochemistry of Flavonoids |
| title_fullStr | Electrochemistry of Flavonoids |
| title_full_unstemmed | Electrochemistry of Flavonoids |
| title_short | Electrochemistry of Flavonoids |
| title_sort | electrochemistry of flavonoids |
| topic | flavonoids electrochemical oxidation redox properties cyclic voltammetry |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/22/7618 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT dorotanarog electrochemistryofflavonoids AT andrzejsobkowiak electrochemistryofflavonoids |