Extracellular proteolysis in structural and functional plasticity of mossy fiber synapses in hippocampus
Brain is continuously altered in response to experience and environmental changes. One of the underlying mechanisms is synaptic plasticity, which is manifested by modification of synapse structure and function. It is becoming clear that regulated extracellular proteolysis plays a pivotal role in the...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2015-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fncel.2015.00427/full |
| _version_ | 1818953785828966400 |
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| author | Grzegorz eWiera Grzegorz eWiera Jerzy W Mozrzymas Jerzy W Mozrzymas |
| author_facet | Grzegorz eWiera Grzegorz eWiera Jerzy W Mozrzymas Jerzy W Mozrzymas |
| author_sort | Grzegorz eWiera |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Brain is continuously altered in response to experience and environmental changes. One of the underlying mechanisms is synaptic plasticity, which is manifested by modification of synapse structure and function. It is becoming clear that regulated extracellular proteolysis plays a pivotal role in the structural and functional remodeling of synapses during brain development, learning and memory formation. Clearly, plasticity mechanisms may substantially differ between projections. Mossy fiber synapses onto CA3 pyramidal cells display several unique functional features, including pronounced short-term facilitation, a presynaptically expressed LTP that is independent of NMDAR activation, and NMDA-dependent metaplasticity. Moreover, structural plasticity at mossy fiber synapses ranges from the reorganization of projection topology after hippocampus-dependent learning, through intrinsically different dynamic properties of synaptic boutons to pre- and postsynaptic structural changes accompanying LTP induction. Although concomitant functional and structural plasticity in this pathway strongly suggests a role of extracellular proteolysis, its impact only starts to be investigated in this projection. In the present report, we review the role of extracellular proteolysis in various aspects of synaptic plasticity in hippocampal mossy fiber synapses. A growing body of evidence demonstrates that among perisynaptic proteases, tPA/plasmin system, β-site amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) and metalloproteinases play a crucial role in shaping plastic changes in this projection. We discuss recent advances and emerging hypotheses on the roles of proteases in mechanisms underlying mossy fiber target specific synaptic plasticity and memory formation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T10:11:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-09fae50c9e4b4e06a7d02848edff4594 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1662-5102 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T10:11:48Z |
| publishDate | 2015-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-09fae50c9e4b4e06a7d02848edff45942022-12-21T19:44:07ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience1662-51022015-11-01910.3389/fncel.2015.00427152926Extracellular proteolysis in structural and functional plasticity of mossy fiber synapses in hippocampusGrzegorz eWiera0Grzegorz eWiera1Jerzy W Mozrzymas2Jerzy W Mozrzymas3University of WroclawWroclaw Modecal universityUniversity of WroclawWroclaw Modecal universityBrain is continuously altered in response to experience and environmental changes. One of the underlying mechanisms is synaptic plasticity, which is manifested by modification of synapse structure and function. It is becoming clear that regulated extracellular proteolysis plays a pivotal role in the structural and functional remodeling of synapses during brain development, learning and memory formation. Clearly, plasticity mechanisms may substantially differ between projections. Mossy fiber synapses onto CA3 pyramidal cells display several unique functional features, including pronounced short-term facilitation, a presynaptically expressed LTP that is independent of NMDAR activation, and NMDA-dependent metaplasticity. Moreover, structural plasticity at mossy fiber synapses ranges from the reorganization of projection topology after hippocampus-dependent learning, through intrinsically different dynamic properties of synaptic boutons to pre- and postsynaptic structural changes accompanying LTP induction. Although concomitant functional and structural plasticity in this pathway strongly suggests a role of extracellular proteolysis, its impact only starts to be investigated in this projection. In the present report, we review the role of extracellular proteolysis in various aspects of synaptic plasticity in hippocampal mossy fiber synapses. A growing body of evidence demonstrates that among perisynaptic proteases, tPA/plasmin system, β-site amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) and metalloproteinases play a crucial role in shaping plastic changes in this projection. We discuss recent advances and emerging hypotheses on the roles of proteases in mechanisms underlying mossy fiber target specific synaptic plasticity and memory formation.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fncel.2015.00427/fullADAM ProteinsIntegrinsProteolysisfeedforward inhibitionTPAMMP |
| spellingShingle | Grzegorz eWiera Grzegorz eWiera Jerzy W Mozrzymas Jerzy W Mozrzymas Extracellular proteolysis in structural and functional plasticity of mossy fiber synapses in hippocampus Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience ADAM Proteins Integrins Proteolysis feedforward inhibition TPA MMP |
| title | Extracellular proteolysis in structural and functional plasticity of mossy fiber synapses in hippocampus |
| title_full | Extracellular proteolysis in structural and functional plasticity of mossy fiber synapses in hippocampus |
| title_fullStr | Extracellular proteolysis in structural and functional plasticity of mossy fiber synapses in hippocampus |
| title_full_unstemmed | Extracellular proteolysis in structural and functional plasticity of mossy fiber synapses in hippocampus |
| title_short | Extracellular proteolysis in structural and functional plasticity of mossy fiber synapses in hippocampus |
| title_sort | extracellular proteolysis in structural and functional plasticity of mossy fiber synapses in hippocampus |
| topic | ADAM Proteins Integrins Proteolysis feedforward inhibition TPA MMP |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fncel.2015.00427/full |
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