Transparency of a Geographically Distributed Test Platform for Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle Powertrain Systems Based on X-in-the-Loop Approach
X-in-the-loop is a new vehicle development and validation method for increasingly complex vehicle systems, which integrates the driver and the environment. In view of recent developments in fuel cell electric vehicle powertrain systems, Tongji University and Karlsruhe Institute of Technology have jo...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2018-09-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/9/2411 |
| _version_ | 1811304334338555904 |
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| author | Wenxu Niu Ke Song Qiwen Xiao Matthias Behrendt Albert Albers Tong Zhang |
| author_facet | Wenxu Niu Ke Song Qiwen Xiao Matthias Behrendt Albert Albers Tong Zhang |
| author_sort | Wenxu Niu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | X-in-the-loop is a new vehicle development and validation method for increasingly complex vehicle systems, which integrates the driver and the environment. In view of recent developments in fuel cell electric vehicle powertrain systems, Tongji University and Karlsruhe Institute of Technology have jointly developed a set of distributed test platforms based on the X-in-the-loop approach. This platform contains models and test equipment for a fuel cell electric vehicle powertrain system. Due to the involvement of remote connection and the Internet, test with connected test benches will suffer great uncertainty cause of signal transfer delay. To figure out this uncertainty, the concept of transparency is introduced. Four parameters were selected as transparency parameters in this distributed test platform. These include vehicle speed, fuel cell output power, battery output power, and electric motor torque under several different configuration settings. With the help of transparency theory and statistical methodology, especially Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), the transparency of these four parameters was established, vehicle speed, electric motor torque, battery power, and fuel cell power are affected by network state, the degree of influence is enhanced in turn. Using new defined parametric and non-parametric methods, this paper identifies the statistical significance and the transparency limitations caused by Internet under these several configurations. These methods will generate inputs for developer setting the distributed test configuration. These results will contribute to optimize the process of geographically distributed validation and joint development. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T08:05:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-09fb26d8159349059beb5c6f0a3024d7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T08:05:22Z |
| publishDate | 2018-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-09fb26d8159349059beb5c6f0a3024d72022-12-22T02:55:10ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732018-09-01119241110.3390/en11092411en11092411Transparency of a Geographically Distributed Test Platform for Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle Powertrain Systems Based on X-in-the-Loop ApproachWenxu Niu0Ke Song1Qiwen Xiao2Matthias Behrendt3Albert Albers4Tong Zhang5School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, ChinaSchool of Automotive Studies, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, ChinaInstitute of Product Engineering (IPEK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, GermanyInstitute of Product Engineering (IPEK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, GermanyInstitute of Product Engineering (IPEK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, GermanySchool of Automotive Studies, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, ChinaX-in-the-loop is a new vehicle development and validation method for increasingly complex vehicle systems, which integrates the driver and the environment. In view of recent developments in fuel cell electric vehicle powertrain systems, Tongji University and Karlsruhe Institute of Technology have jointly developed a set of distributed test platforms based on the X-in-the-loop approach. This platform contains models and test equipment for a fuel cell electric vehicle powertrain system. Due to the involvement of remote connection and the Internet, test with connected test benches will suffer great uncertainty cause of signal transfer delay. To figure out this uncertainty, the concept of transparency is introduced. Four parameters were selected as transparency parameters in this distributed test platform. These include vehicle speed, fuel cell output power, battery output power, and electric motor torque under several different configuration settings. With the help of transparency theory and statistical methodology, especially Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), the transparency of these four parameters was established, vehicle speed, electric motor torque, battery power, and fuel cell power are affected by network state, the degree of influence is enhanced in turn. Using new defined parametric and non-parametric methods, this paper identifies the statistical significance and the transparency limitations caused by Internet under these several configurations. These methods will generate inputs for developer setting the distributed test configuration. These results will contribute to optimize the process of geographically distributed validation and joint development.http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/9/2411X-in-the-loopfuel cell electric vehiclepowertrain systemdistributed test platformtransparencynonparametric detection |
| spellingShingle | Wenxu Niu Ke Song Qiwen Xiao Matthias Behrendt Albert Albers Tong Zhang Transparency of a Geographically Distributed Test Platform for Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle Powertrain Systems Based on X-in-the-Loop Approach Energies X-in-the-loop fuel cell electric vehicle powertrain system distributed test platform transparency nonparametric detection |
| title | Transparency of a Geographically Distributed Test Platform for Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle Powertrain Systems Based on X-in-the-Loop Approach |
| title_full | Transparency of a Geographically Distributed Test Platform for Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle Powertrain Systems Based on X-in-the-Loop Approach |
| title_fullStr | Transparency of a Geographically Distributed Test Platform for Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle Powertrain Systems Based on X-in-the-Loop Approach |
| title_full_unstemmed | Transparency of a Geographically Distributed Test Platform for Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle Powertrain Systems Based on X-in-the-Loop Approach |
| title_short | Transparency of a Geographically Distributed Test Platform for Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle Powertrain Systems Based on X-in-the-Loop Approach |
| title_sort | transparency of a geographically distributed test platform for fuel cell electric vehicle powertrain systems based on x in the loop approach |
| topic | X-in-the-loop fuel cell electric vehicle powertrain system distributed test platform transparency nonparametric detection |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/9/2411 |
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