Epicardial TGFβ and BMP Signaling in Cardiac Regeneration: What Lesson Can We Learn from the Developing Heart?
The epicardium, the outer layer of the heart, has been of interest in cardiac research due to its vital role in the developing and diseased heart. During development, epicardial cells are active and supply cells and paracrine cues to the myocardium. In the injured adult heart, the epicardium is re-a...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-03-01
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| Series: | Biomolecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/10/3/404 |
| _version_ | 1818919973015257088 |
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| author | Esther Dronkers Manon M.M. Wauters Marie José Goumans Anke M. Smits |
| author_facet | Esther Dronkers Manon M.M. Wauters Marie José Goumans Anke M. Smits |
| author_sort | Esther Dronkers |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The epicardium, the outer layer of the heart, has been of interest in cardiac research due to its vital role in the developing and diseased heart. During development, epicardial cells are active and supply cells and paracrine cues to the myocardium. In the injured adult heart, the epicardium is re-activated and recapitulates embryonic behavior that is essential for a proper repair response. Two indispensable processes for epicardial contribution to heart tissue formation are epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), and tissue invasion. One of the key groups of cytokines regulating both EMT and invasion is the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) family, including TGFβ and Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP). Abundant research has been performed to understand the role of TGFβ family signaling in the developing epicardium. However, less is known about signaling in the adult epicardium. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge on the role of TGFβ in epicardial behavior both in the development and in the repair of the heart. We aim to describe the presence of involved ligands and receptors to establish if and when signaling can occur. Finally, we discuss potential targets to improve the epicardial contribution to cardiac repair as a starting point for future investigation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T01:14:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0a03f51c0361455f801593569193cb4e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2218-273X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T01:14:21Z |
| publishDate | 2020-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomolecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-0a03f51c0361455f801593569193cb4e2022-12-21T19:58:37ZengMDPI AGBiomolecules2218-273X2020-03-0110340410.3390/biom10030404biom10030404Epicardial TGFβ and BMP Signaling in Cardiac Regeneration: What Lesson Can We Learn from the Developing Heart?Esther Dronkers0Manon M.M. Wauters1Marie José Goumans2Anke M. Smits3Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The NetherlandsThe epicardium, the outer layer of the heart, has been of interest in cardiac research due to its vital role in the developing and diseased heart. During development, epicardial cells are active and supply cells and paracrine cues to the myocardium. In the injured adult heart, the epicardium is re-activated and recapitulates embryonic behavior that is essential for a proper repair response. Two indispensable processes for epicardial contribution to heart tissue formation are epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), and tissue invasion. One of the key groups of cytokines regulating both EMT and invasion is the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) family, including TGFβ and Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP). Abundant research has been performed to understand the role of TGFβ family signaling in the developing epicardium. However, less is known about signaling in the adult epicardium. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge on the role of TGFβ in epicardial behavior both in the development and in the repair of the heart. We aim to describe the presence of involved ligands and receptors to establish if and when signaling can occur. Finally, we discuss potential targets to improve the epicardial contribution to cardiac repair as a starting point for future investigation.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/10/3/404epicardiumtgfβbmpemtinvasioncardiac developmentcardiac repair |
| spellingShingle | Esther Dronkers Manon M.M. Wauters Marie José Goumans Anke M. Smits Epicardial TGFβ and BMP Signaling in Cardiac Regeneration: What Lesson Can We Learn from the Developing Heart? Biomolecules epicardium tgfβ bmp emt invasion cardiac development cardiac repair |
| title | Epicardial TGFβ and BMP Signaling in Cardiac Regeneration: What Lesson Can We Learn from the Developing Heart? |
| title_full | Epicardial TGFβ and BMP Signaling in Cardiac Regeneration: What Lesson Can We Learn from the Developing Heart? |
| title_fullStr | Epicardial TGFβ and BMP Signaling in Cardiac Regeneration: What Lesson Can We Learn from the Developing Heart? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Epicardial TGFβ and BMP Signaling in Cardiac Regeneration: What Lesson Can We Learn from the Developing Heart? |
| title_short | Epicardial TGFβ and BMP Signaling in Cardiac Regeneration: What Lesson Can We Learn from the Developing Heart? |
| title_sort | epicardial tgfβ and bmp signaling in cardiac regeneration what lesson can we learn from the developing heart |
| topic | epicardium tgfβ bmp emt invasion cardiac development cardiac repair |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/10/3/404 |
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