Degradation of Pyraclostrobin in Water Using a Novel Hybrid Gas–Liquid Phase Discharge Reactor
In this paper, the hybrid gas–liquid discharge plasma can efficiently degrade pesticide residues in water driven by nanosecond pulse power, which can achieve the simultaneous discharge process in the liquid and gas phases. The relevant factors are systematically investigated, including the waveforms...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/8/1562 |
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| author | Hongwei Shen Hao Yuan Jianping Liang Xiongfeng Zhou Pingji Ge Yang Liu Tian Gao Kun Yang Dezheng Yang |
| author_facet | Hongwei Shen Hao Yuan Jianping Liang Xiongfeng Zhou Pingji Ge Yang Liu Tian Gao Kun Yang Dezheng Yang |
| author_sort | Hongwei Shen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this paper, the hybrid gas–liquid discharge plasma can efficiently degrade pesticide residues in water driven by nanosecond pulse power, which can achieve the simultaneous discharge process in the liquid and gas phases. The relevant factors are systematically investigated, including the waveforms of discharge current and pulse voltage, discharge images, and optical emission spectra during the discharge process. The Stark broadening of H<sub>α</sub> calculates the electron density. The effects of the pulse peak voltage and discharge time on the emission intensities of OH (A<sup>2</sup>∑ → X<sup>2</sup>∏), N<sub>2</sub> (C<sup>3</sup>∏<sub>u</sub> → B<sup>3</sup>∏<sub>g</sub>), H<sub>α</sub>, and O (3p<sup>5</sup>P → 3s<sup>5</sup>S<sup>0</sup>) are discussed in-depth by the optical emission spectra. The gas–liquid discharge plasma with an electron density of 7.14 × 10<sup>17</sup> cm<sup>−3</sup> was found. The emission intensities of OH (A<sup>2</sup>∑ → X<sup>2</sup>∏), N<sub>2</sub> (C<sup>3</sup>∏<sub>u</sub> → B<sup>3</sup>∏<sub>g</sub>), H<sub>α</sub>, and O (3p<sup>5</sup>P → 3s<sup>5</sup>S<sup>0</sup>) present the rising trend by increasing the pulse peak voltage and discharge time. In addition, pyraclostrobin is adopted as the research object to study the removal efficiency of pollutants. The results confirm that pyraclostrobin can be completely degraded after 10 min of plasma treatment with the pulse peak voltage of 28 kV, and the degradation rate and energy yield was 0.323 min<sup>−1</sup>, and 1.91 g/kWh, respectively. The intermediate products and the possible degradation mechanism of pyraclostrobin are further explored by combining the results of high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) and density functional theory (DFT), the developmental toxicity of the intermediate products was analyzed, which provided a scheme for the treatment of pesticide wastewater by gas–liquid discharge plasma technology. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:25:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0a069bc98fa44561afc123a8a43c8cce |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:25:44Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-0a069bc98fa44561afc123a8a43c8cce2023-11-17T21:48:51ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412023-04-01158156210.3390/w15081562Degradation of Pyraclostrobin in Water Using a Novel Hybrid Gas–Liquid Phase Discharge ReactorHongwei Shen0Hao Yuan1Jianping Liang2Xiongfeng Zhou3Pingji Ge4Yang Liu5Tian Gao6Kun Yang7Dezheng Yang8School of Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, ChinaKey Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion, and Electron Beams, Dalian University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, ChinaKey Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion, and Electron Beams, Dalian University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, ChinaKey Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion, and Electron Beams, Dalian University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, ChinaSchool of Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, ChinaSchool of Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, ChinaSchool of Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, ChinaSchool of Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, ChinaSchool of Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, ChinaIn this paper, the hybrid gas–liquid discharge plasma can efficiently degrade pesticide residues in water driven by nanosecond pulse power, which can achieve the simultaneous discharge process in the liquid and gas phases. The relevant factors are systematically investigated, including the waveforms of discharge current and pulse voltage, discharge images, and optical emission spectra during the discharge process. The Stark broadening of H<sub>α</sub> calculates the electron density. The effects of the pulse peak voltage and discharge time on the emission intensities of OH (A<sup>2</sup>∑ → X<sup>2</sup>∏), N<sub>2</sub> (C<sup>3</sup>∏<sub>u</sub> → B<sup>3</sup>∏<sub>g</sub>), H<sub>α</sub>, and O (3p<sup>5</sup>P → 3s<sup>5</sup>S<sup>0</sup>) are discussed in-depth by the optical emission spectra. The gas–liquid discharge plasma with an electron density of 7.14 × 10<sup>17</sup> cm<sup>−3</sup> was found. The emission intensities of OH (A<sup>2</sup>∑ → X<sup>2</sup>∏), N<sub>2</sub> (C<sup>3</sup>∏<sub>u</sub> → B<sup>3</sup>∏<sub>g</sub>), H<sub>α</sub>, and O (3p<sup>5</sup>P → 3s<sup>5</sup>S<sup>0</sup>) present the rising trend by increasing the pulse peak voltage and discharge time. In addition, pyraclostrobin is adopted as the research object to study the removal efficiency of pollutants. The results confirm that pyraclostrobin can be completely degraded after 10 min of plasma treatment with the pulse peak voltage of 28 kV, and the degradation rate and energy yield was 0.323 min<sup>−1</sup>, and 1.91 g/kWh, respectively. The intermediate products and the possible degradation mechanism of pyraclostrobin are further explored by combining the results of high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) and density functional theory (DFT), the developmental toxicity of the intermediate products was analyzed, which provided a scheme for the treatment of pesticide wastewater by gas–liquid discharge plasma technology.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/8/1562nonthermal plasmadegradationgas–liquid dischargeelectron density |
| spellingShingle | Hongwei Shen Hao Yuan Jianping Liang Xiongfeng Zhou Pingji Ge Yang Liu Tian Gao Kun Yang Dezheng Yang Degradation of Pyraclostrobin in Water Using a Novel Hybrid Gas–Liquid Phase Discharge Reactor Water nonthermal plasma degradation gas–liquid discharge electron density |
| title | Degradation of Pyraclostrobin in Water Using a Novel Hybrid Gas–Liquid Phase Discharge Reactor |
| title_full | Degradation of Pyraclostrobin in Water Using a Novel Hybrid Gas–Liquid Phase Discharge Reactor |
| title_fullStr | Degradation of Pyraclostrobin in Water Using a Novel Hybrid Gas–Liquid Phase Discharge Reactor |
| title_full_unstemmed | Degradation of Pyraclostrobin in Water Using a Novel Hybrid Gas–Liquid Phase Discharge Reactor |
| title_short | Degradation of Pyraclostrobin in Water Using a Novel Hybrid Gas–Liquid Phase Discharge Reactor |
| title_sort | degradation of pyraclostrobin in water using a novel hybrid gas liquid phase discharge reactor |
| topic | nonthermal plasma degradation gas–liquid discharge electron density |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/8/1562 |
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