Emerging biomarkers in the diagnosis of prostate cancer
Xavier Filella, Esther Fernández-Galan, Rosa Fernández Bonifacio, Laura Foj Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (CDB), Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain Abstract: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer in men worldwid...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Dove Medical Press
2018-05-01
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| Series: | Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.dovepress.com/emerging-biomarkers-in-the-diagnosis-of-prostate-cancer-peer-reviewed-article-PGPM |
| _version_ | 1818452807828635648 |
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| author | Filella X Fernández-Galan E Fernández Bonifacio R Foj L |
| author_facet | Filella X Fernández-Galan E Fernández Bonifacio R Foj L |
| author_sort | Filella X |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Xavier Filella, Esther Fernández-Galan, Rosa Fernández Bonifacio, Laura Foj Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (CDB), Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain Abstract: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer in men worldwide. A large proportion of PCa are latent, never destined to progress or affect the patients’ life. It is of utmost importance to identify which PCa are destined to progress and which would benefit from an early radical treatment. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) remains the most used test to detect PCa. Its limited specificity and an elevated rate of overdiagnosis are the main problems associated with PSA testing. New PCa biomarkers have been proposed to improve the accuracy of PSA in the management of early PCa. Commercially available biomarkers such as PCA3 score, Prostate Health Index (PHI), and the four-kallikrein panel are used with the purpose of reducing the number of unnecessary biopsies and providing information related to the aggressiveness of the tumor. The relationship with PCa aggressiveness seems to be confirmed by PHI and the four-kallikrein panel, but not by the PCA3 score. In this review, we also summarize new promising biomarkers, such as PSA glycoforms, TMPRSS2:ERG fusion gene, microRNAs, circulating tumor cells, androgen receptor variants, and PTEN gene. All these emerging biomarkers could change the management of early PCa, offering more accurate results than PSA. Nonetheless, large prospective studies comparing these new biomarkers among them are required to know their real value in PCa detection and prognosis. Keywords: prostate cancer, PSA, PHI, four-kallikrein panel, PCA3, miRNAs |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T21:28:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0a06f23028b04d72af9f76ca7b6ce0a0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1178-7066 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T21:28:58Z |
| publishDate | 2018-05-01 |
| publisher | Dove Medical Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-0a06f23028b04d72af9f76ca7b6ce0a02022-12-21T22:46:43ZengDove Medical PressPharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine1178-70662018-05-01Volume 11839438347Emerging biomarkers in the diagnosis of prostate cancerFilella XFernández-Galan EFernández Bonifacio RFoj LXavier Filella, Esther Fernández-Galan, Rosa Fernández Bonifacio, Laura Foj Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (CDB), Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain Abstract: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer in men worldwide. A large proportion of PCa are latent, never destined to progress or affect the patients’ life. It is of utmost importance to identify which PCa are destined to progress and which would benefit from an early radical treatment. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) remains the most used test to detect PCa. Its limited specificity and an elevated rate of overdiagnosis are the main problems associated with PSA testing. New PCa biomarkers have been proposed to improve the accuracy of PSA in the management of early PCa. Commercially available biomarkers such as PCA3 score, Prostate Health Index (PHI), and the four-kallikrein panel are used with the purpose of reducing the number of unnecessary biopsies and providing information related to the aggressiveness of the tumor. The relationship with PCa aggressiveness seems to be confirmed by PHI and the four-kallikrein panel, but not by the PCA3 score. In this review, we also summarize new promising biomarkers, such as PSA glycoforms, TMPRSS2:ERG fusion gene, microRNAs, circulating tumor cells, androgen receptor variants, and PTEN gene. All these emerging biomarkers could change the management of early PCa, offering more accurate results than PSA. Nonetheless, large prospective studies comparing these new biomarkers among them are required to know their real value in PCa detection and prognosis. Keywords: prostate cancer, PSA, PHI, four-kallikrein panel, PCA3, miRNAshttps://www.dovepress.com/emerging-biomarkers-in-the-diagnosis-of-prostate-cancer-peer-reviewed-article-PGPMProstate cancerPSAPHIFour-kallicrein panelPCA3miRNAs |
| spellingShingle | Filella X Fernández-Galan E Fernández Bonifacio R Foj L Emerging biomarkers in the diagnosis of prostate cancer Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine Prostate cancer PSA PHI Four-kallicrein panel PCA3 miRNAs |
| title | Emerging biomarkers in the diagnosis of prostate cancer |
| title_full | Emerging biomarkers in the diagnosis of prostate cancer |
| title_fullStr | Emerging biomarkers in the diagnosis of prostate cancer |
| title_full_unstemmed | Emerging biomarkers in the diagnosis of prostate cancer |
| title_short | Emerging biomarkers in the diagnosis of prostate cancer |
| title_sort | emerging biomarkers in the diagnosis of prostate cancer |
| topic | Prostate cancer PSA PHI Four-kallicrein panel PCA3 miRNAs |
| url | https://www.dovepress.com/emerging-biomarkers-in-the-diagnosis-of-prostate-cancer-peer-reviewed-article-PGPM |
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