Khat (Catha Edulis Forsk) induced apoptosis and cytotoxicity in cultured cells: A scoping review
Background: Khat (Catha edulis Forsk) leaves are chewed by people in certain regions of East Africa and the Middle East for their stimulating amphetamine-like effects. The purpose of this scoping review is to systematically map the current in vitro publications that investigated the toxicological po...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Heliyon |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S240584402102569X |
| _version_ | 1818366713433948160 |
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| author | Gamilah Al-Qadhi Marwan Mansoor Ali Mohammed Mohammed Al-Ak'hali Essam Ahmed Al-Moraissi |
| author_facet | Gamilah Al-Qadhi Marwan Mansoor Ali Mohammed Mohammed Al-Ak'hali Essam Ahmed Al-Moraissi |
| author_sort | Gamilah Al-Qadhi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Khat (Catha edulis Forsk) leaves are chewed by people in certain regions of East Africa and the Middle East for their stimulating amphetamine-like effects. The purpose of this scoping review is to systematically map the current in vitro publications that investigated the toxicological potential effects of khat on cultured human or animal cells in terms of cellular viability and activity. Methods: A comprehensive electronic database search was undertaken up to December 2020 without starting date or language restrictions in accordance with the PRISMA extension for scoping review guideline and methodological quality evaluation based on the guidelines for reporting pre-clinical in vitro studies on dental materials. All in vitro studies that investigated the effect of khat plant extract (Catha Edulis) on the cultured human or animal cells were included. Results: The initial search yielded 599 articles and 16 articles were finally selected to be included. The treatment of cells with khat produced different degrees of cellular changes, including decreased cellular survival, induction of apoptosis, increased ROS production, alteration of cell phenotype, and of arrest cell cycle. In this contest, khat-exposed cells expressed higher levels of pro-apoptotic protein Bax and lower levels of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, up-regulated p38, p53, p16, and p21 proteins, as well as premature expression of differentiation markers. Conclusion: Based on the current scoping review, khat induced apoptosis and cytotoxicity in cultured human cells, including oral cells. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T22:40:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0a077955f9894013bb60cb0725fcc6c9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2405-8440 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T22:40:32Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Heliyon |
| spelling | doaj.art-0a077955f9894013bb60cb0725fcc6c92022-12-21T23:28:52ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402021-12-01712e08466Khat (Catha Edulis Forsk) induced apoptosis and cytotoxicity in cultured cells: A scoping reviewGamilah Al-Qadhi0Marwan Mansoor Ali Mohammed1Mohammed Al-Ak'hali2Essam Ahmed Al-Moraissi3Department of Basic Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Science and Technology, Yemen; Corresponding author.Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, United Arab EmiratesDepartment of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Sana'a University, Sana'a, YemenDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Thamar University, YemenBackground: Khat (Catha edulis Forsk) leaves are chewed by people in certain regions of East Africa and the Middle East for their stimulating amphetamine-like effects. The purpose of this scoping review is to systematically map the current in vitro publications that investigated the toxicological potential effects of khat on cultured human or animal cells in terms of cellular viability and activity. Methods: A comprehensive electronic database search was undertaken up to December 2020 without starting date or language restrictions in accordance with the PRISMA extension for scoping review guideline and methodological quality evaluation based on the guidelines for reporting pre-clinical in vitro studies on dental materials. All in vitro studies that investigated the effect of khat plant extract (Catha Edulis) on the cultured human or animal cells were included. Results: The initial search yielded 599 articles and 16 articles were finally selected to be included. The treatment of cells with khat produced different degrees of cellular changes, including decreased cellular survival, induction of apoptosis, increased ROS production, alteration of cell phenotype, and of arrest cell cycle. In this contest, khat-exposed cells expressed higher levels of pro-apoptotic protein Bax and lower levels of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, up-regulated p38, p53, p16, and p21 proteins, as well as premature expression of differentiation markers. Conclusion: Based on the current scoping review, khat induced apoptosis and cytotoxicity in cultured human cells, including oral cells.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S240584402102569XApoptosisCatha edulisCytotoxicityKhat extractReactive oxygen species |
| spellingShingle | Gamilah Al-Qadhi Marwan Mansoor Ali Mohammed Mohammed Al-Ak'hali Essam Ahmed Al-Moraissi Khat (Catha Edulis Forsk) induced apoptosis and cytotoxicity in cultured cells: A scoping review Heliyon Apoptosis Catha edulis Cytotoxicity Khat extract Reactive oxygen species |
| title | Khat (Catha Edulis Forsk) induced apoptosis and cytotoxicity in cultured cells: A scoping review |
| title_full | Khat (Catha Edulis Forsk) induced apoptosis and cytotoxicity in cultured cells: A scoping review |
| title_fullStr | Khat (Catha Edulis Forsk) induced apoptosis and cytotoxicity in cultured cells: A scoping review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Khat (Catha Edulis Forsk) induced apoptosis and cytotoxicity in cultured cells: A scoping review |
| title_short | Khat (Catha Edulis Forsk) induced apoptosis and cytotoxicity in cultured cells: A scoping review |
| title_sort | khat catha edulis forsk induced apoptosis and cytotoxicity in cultured cells a scoping review |
| topic | Apoptosis Catha edulis Cytotoxicity Khat extract Reactive oxygen species |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S240584402102569X |
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