Spatial distribution characteristics, influencing factors, and source distribution of soil cadmium in Shantou City, Guangdong Province
A total of 511 topsoils and 139 deep soil samples were collected to analyze the distribution characteristics, regional differentiation factors, and contamination sources of Cd in Shantou City, and to assess its environmental, ecological, and human health risks. We used a combination of multivariate...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651322009046 |
| _version_ | 1798000561442783232 |
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| author | Ruyi Li Jing Xu Jie Luo Pan Yang Yuwei Hu Wenjing Ning |
| author_facet | Ruyi Li Jing Xu Jie Luo Pan Yang Yuwei Hu Wenjing Ning |
| author_sort | Ruyi Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A total of 511 topsoils and 139 deep soil samples were collected to analyze the distribution characteristics, regional differentiation factors, and contamination sources of Cd in Shantou City, and to assess its environmental, ecological, and human health risks. We used a combination of multivariate statistics and geostatistics to quantify the distribution and level of Cd contamination in the study area, and an absolute principal component scores–multiple linear regression model to resolve the sources of contamination and their contribution values, combined with the health risk model to assess the human health risk from each source. The result exhibited that the average value of soil Cd content was 0.100 mg/kg, which was lower than the threshold value of soil environmental quality standard, but higher than the 0.070 mg/kg background value of soil. The high-value areas of surface Cd content in the study area were distributed in the western, northern, and northeastern parts of Shantou, and the source of Cd in the soil was a mix of anthropogenic and natural contamination. The non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of heavy metal Cd exposure pathways are: oral ingestion > dermal contact > inhalation. The human health risk posed by Cd is below the reference threshold, indicating that the Cd contents in the soil have no unacceptable health risk to the residents. Among industrial sources, natural sources, and unknown sources with potential carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks, natural sources were the main source of contamination for adults and children. Among the different soil types, paddy, and red soils had relatively high Cd content, and among the different soil-forming parent materials, the Cd content in soils developed on Quaternary sediments was significantly higher than that other parent materials. Among the different land use types, the Cd content of soil for construction land was the highest. This study provides a scientific foundation and reference for the prevention of soil Cd contamination in Shantou City and the analysis of soil contamination sources in areas with similar contamination patterns. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T11:22:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0a0f236d404b4f1d98261207660028c9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0147-6513 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T11:22:17Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety |
| spelling | doaj.art-0a0f236d404b4f1d98261207660028c92022-12-22T04:26:40ZengElsevierEcotoxicology and Environmental Safety0147-65132022-10-01244114064Spatial distribution characteristics, influencing factors, and source distribution of soil cadmium in Shantou City, Guangdong ProvinceRuyi Li0Jing Xu1Jie Luo2Pan Yang3Yuwei Hu4Wenjing Ning5College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, ChinaCorresponding authors.; College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, ChinaCorresponding authors.; College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, ChinaA total of 511 topsoils and 139 deep soil samples were collected to analyze the distribution characteristics, regional differentiation factors, and contamination sources of Cd in Shantou City, and to assess its environmental, ecological, and human health risks. We used a combination of multivariate statistics and geostatistics to quantify the distribution and level of Cd contamination in the study area, and an absolute principal component scores–multiple linear regression model to resolve the sources of contamination and their contribution values, combined with the health risk model to assess the human health risk from each source. The result exhibited that the average value of soil Cd content was 0.100 mg/kg, which was lower than the threshold value of soil environmental quality standard, but higher than the 0.070 mg/kg background value of soil. The high-value areas of surface Cd content in the study area were distributed in the western, northern, and northeastern parts of Shantou, and the source of Cd in the soil was a mix of anthropogenic and natural contamination. The non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of heavy metal Cd exposure pathways are: oral ingestion > dermal contact > inhalation. The human health risk posed by Cd is below the reference threshold, indicating that the Cd contents in the soil have no unacceptable health risk to the residents. Among industrial sources, natural sources, and unknown sources with potential carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks, natural sources were the main source of contamination for adults and children. Among the different soil types, paddy, and red soils had relatively high Cd content, and among the different soil-forming parent materials, the Cd content in soils developed on Quaternary sediments was significantly higher than that other parent materials. Among the different land use types, the Cd content of soil for construction land was the highest. This study provides a scientific foundation and reference for the prevention of soil Cd contamination in Shantou City and the analysis of soil contamination sources in areas with similar contamination patterns.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651322009046Heavy metalSource appointmentEcological riskHealth risk assessmentAPCS-MLR |
| spellingShingle | Ruyi Li Jing Xu Jie Luo Pan Yang Yuwei Hu Wenjing Ning Spatial distribution characteristics, influencing factors, and source distribution of soil cadmium in Shantou City, Guangdong Province Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Heavy metal Source appointment Ecological risk Health risk assessment APCS-MLR |
| title | Spatial distribution characteristics, influencing factors, and source distribution of soil cadmium in Shantou City, Guangdong Province |
| title_full | Spatial distribution characteristics, influencing factors, and source distribution of soil cadmium in Shantou City, Guangdong Province |
| title_fullStr | Spatial distribution characteristics, influencing factors, and source distribution of soil cadmium in Shantou City, Guangdong Province |
| title_full_unstemmed | Spatial distribution characteristics, influencing factors, and source distribution of soil cadmium in Shantou City, Guangdong Province |
| title_short | Spatial distribution characteristics, influencing factors, and source distribution of soil cadmium in Shantou City, Guangdong Province |
| title_sort | spatial distribution characteristics influencing factors and source distribution of soil cadmium in shantou city guangdong province |
| topic | Heavy metal Source appointment Ecological risk Health risk assessment APCS-MLR |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651322009046 |
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