Host Cell Targets of Released Lipid and Secreted Protein Effectors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is a very successful pathogen, strictly adapted to humans and the cause of tuberculosis. Its success is associated with its ability to inhibit host cell intrinsic immune responses by using an arsenal of virulence factors of different nature. It has evolved to synthes...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-10-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2020.595029/full |
| _version_ | 1818399353789743104 |
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| author | Jacques Augenstreich Volker Briken |
| author_facet | Jacques Augenstreich Volker Briken |
| author_sort | Jacques Augenstreich |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is a very successful pathogen, strictly adapted to humans and the cause of tuberculosis. Its success is associated with its ability to inhibit host cell intrinsic immune responses by using an arsenal of virulence factors of different nature. It has evolved to synthesize a series of complex lipids which form an outer membrane and may also be released to enter host cell membranes. In addition, secreted protein effectors of Mtb are entering the host cell cytosol to interact with host cell proteins. We briefly discuss the current model, involving the ESX-1 type seven secretion system and the Mtb lipid phthiocerol dimycoserosate (PDIM), of how Mtb creates pores in the phagosomal membrane to allow Mtb proteins to access to the host cell cytosol. We provide an exhaustive list of Mtb secreted proteins that have effector functions. They modify (mostly inhibit but sometimes activate) host cell pathways such as: phagosome maturation, cell death, cytokine response, xenophagy, reactive oxygen species (ROS) response via NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2), nitric oxide (NO) response via NO Synthase 2 (NOS2) and antigen presentation via MHC class I and class II molecules. We discuss the host cell targets for each lipid and protein effector and the importance of the Mtb effector for virulence of the bacterium. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T07:19:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0a130214ab5d458b87754419f2ad0107 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2235-2988 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T07:19:20Z |
| publishDate | 2020-10-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-0a130214ab5d458b87754419f2ad01072022-12-21T23:11:39ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology2235-29882020-10-011010.3389/fcimb.2020.595029595029Host Cell Targets of Released Lipid and Secreted Protein Effectors of Mycobacterium tuberculosisJacques AugenstreichVolker BrikenMycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is a very successful pathogen, strictly adapted to humans and the cause of tuberculosis. Its success is associated with its ability to inhibit host cell intrinsic immune responses by using an arsenal of virulence factors of different nature. It has evolved to synthesize a series of complex lipids which form an outer membrane and may also be released to enter host cell membranes. In addition, secreted protein effectors of Mtb are entering the host cell cytosol to interact with host cell proteins. We briefly discuss the current model, involving the ESX-1 type seven secretion system and the Mtb lipid phthiocerol dimycoserosate (PDIM), of how Mtb creates pores in the phagosomal membrane to allow Mtb proteins to access to the host cell cytosol. We provide an exhaustive list of Mtb secreted proteins that have effector functions. They modify (mostly inhibit but sometimes activate) host cell pathways such as: phagosome maturation, cell death, cytokine response, xenophagy, reactive oxygen species (ROS) response via NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2), nitric oxide (NO) response via NO Synthase 2 (NOS2) and antigen presentation via MHC class I and class II molecules. We discuss the host cell targets for each lipid and protein effector and the importance of the Mtb effector for virulence of the bacterium.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2020.595029/fullMycobacterium tuberculosiseffectorcell deathlipidscytokinesphagosome maturation |
| spellingShingle | Jacques Augenstreich Volker Briken Host Cell Targets of Released Lipid and Secreted Protein Effectors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology Mycobacterium tuberculosis effector cell death lipids cytokines phagosome maturation |
| title | Host Cell Targets of Released Lipid and Secreted Protein Effectors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| title_full | Host Cell Targets of Released Lipid and Secreted Protein Effectors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| title_fullStr | Host Cell Targets of Released Lipid and Secreted Protein Effectors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Host Cell Targets of Released Lipid and Secreted Protein Effectors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| title_short | Host Cell Targets of Released Lipid and Secreted Protein Effectors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| title_sort | host cell targets of released lipid and secreted protein effectors of mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| topic | Mycobacterium tuberculosis effector cell death lipids cytokines phagosome maturation |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2020.595029/full |
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