Comparative Evaluation of Salivary Parameters in Tobacco Substance Abusers
Background: Tobacco use by youth is ever-demanding, and it is increasingly distributed not only in India but also globally. Saliva is a complex oral bio-fluid, freely available, performing absolute tasks for maintaining oral health and homeostasis. It contains a plethora of significant constituents...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IMR Press
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark |
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| Online Access: | https://www.imrpress.com/journal/FBL/28/10/10.31083/j.fbl2810263 |
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| author | Rashmi Bhavsar Vandana Shah Rahul Bhavasar Namratha A. Ajith Pawan Toshniwal Khalid J. Alzahrani Khalaf F. Alsharif Fuad M. Alzahrani Ibrahim F. Halawani A. Thirumal Raj Rodolfo Reda Luca Testarelli Shilpa Bhandi |
| author_facet | Rashmi Bhavsar Vandana Shah Rahul Bhavasar Namratha A. Ajith Pawan Toshniwal Khalid J. Alzahrani Khalaf F. Alsharif Fuad M. Alzahrani Ibrahim F. Halawani A. Thirumal Raj Rodolfo Reda Luca Testarelli Shilpa Bhandi |
| author_sort | Rashmi Bhavsar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Tobacco use by youth is ever-demanding, and it is increasingly distributed not only in India but also globally. Saliva is a complex oral bio-fluid, freely available, performing absolute tasks for maintaining oral health and homeostasis. It contains a plethora of significant constituents such as proline-rich proteins (PRPs), immunoglobulins, IgA, enzymes lysozyme, lactoferrin, peroxidases, amylase, etc. The basic ecological balance of the oral cavity is stabilized via salivary clearance by reduced aggregation and adherence of microorganisms by direct microbial activity. This balance of oral activity is also done by indirect mechanisms by immunological as well as non-immunological means and also by effectively regulating salivary pH flow rate. This institutional observational study was planned to assess and compare salivary parameters (pH, salivary flow rate), total proteins, α-amylase, calcium, phosphate, and IgA, of unstimulated whole saliva of both tobacco abusers and tobacco non-users. Methods: The Study consisted of 270 participants (Tobacco habit) group, n = 135 and Control (Healthy) group, n = 135 and were in the age range of 20–50 years. They were assessed for oral health status, followed by the analysis of salivary pH, flow rate, total proteins, amylase, calcium, phosphates, and IgA of unstimulated whole saliva. Results: Comparative evaluation of salivary parameters among groups found that varying tobacco abusers had increased salivary amylase, protein levels, and phosphate whereas decreased salivary pH, flow rate, IgA, and in the whole unstimulated saliva samples than those of non-tobacco users. This difference among groups was statistically significant. (p < 0.05), and calcium levels were not altered significantly. Conclusions: This study concludes that salivary parameters are altered in tobacco abusers when compared to those of non-abusers, and it was more significant in smokeless tobacco abusers than in any other form of tobacco abuse. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T13:29:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0a14968f05c549428fc949da31e98968 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2768-6701 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T13:29:07Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | IMR Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark |
| spelling | doaj.art-0a14968f05c549428fc949da31e989682023-11-03T02:31:25ZengIMR PressFrontiers in Bioscience-Landmark2768-67012023-10-01281026310.31083/j.fbl2810263S2768-6701(23)00862-6Comparative Evaluation of Salivary Parameters in Tobacco Substance AbusersRashmi Bhavsar0Vandana Shah1Rahul Bhavasar2Namratha A. Ajith3Pawan Toshniwal4Khalid J. Alzahrani5Khalaf F. Alsharif6Fuad M. Alzahrani7Ibrahim F. Halawani8A. Thirumal Raj9Rodolfo Reda10Luca Testarelli11Shilpa Bhandi12Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, KM Shah Dental College and Hospital, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Piparia, Waghodia, Vadodara, 391760 Gujrat, IndiaDepartment of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, KM Shah Dental College and Hospital, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Piparia, Waghodia, Vadodara, 391760 Gujrat, IndiaDepartment of Pharmacology, Ulhas Patil Medical College and Hospital, Jalgaon, 425309 Maharashtra, IndiaDepartment of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, KM Shah Dental College and Hospital, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Piparia, Waghodia, Vadodara, 391760 Gujrat, IndiaDepartment of Biochemistry, Parul Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Parul University, Waghodiya, 391760 Gujarat, IndiaDepartment of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, 21944 Taif, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, 21944 Taif, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, 21944 Taif, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, 21944 Taif, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, 600130 Chennai, IndiaDepartment of Oral and Maxillo Facial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Oral and Maxillo Facial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Restorative Dental Sciences, Division of Operative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, 45142 Jazan, Saudi ArabiaBackground: Tobacco use by youth is ever-demanding, and it is increasingly distributed not only in India but also globally. Saliva is a complex oral bio-fluid, freely available, performing absolute tasks for maintaining oral health and homeostasis. It contains a plethora of significant constituents such as proline-rich proteins (PRPs), immunoglobulins, IgA, enzymes lysozyme, lactoferrin, peroxidases, amylase, etc. The basic ecological balance of the oral cavity is stabilized via salivary clearance by reduced aggregation and adherence of microorganisms by direct microbial activity. This balance of oral activity is also done by indirect mechanisms by immunological as well as non-immunological means and also by effectively regulating salivary pH flow rate. This institutional observational study was planned to assess and compare salivary parameters (pH, salivary flow rate), total proteins, α-amylase, calcium, phosphate, and IgA, of unstimulated whole saliva of both tobacco abusers and tobacco non-users. Methods: The Study consisted of 270 participants (Tobacco habit) group, n = 135 and Control (Healthy) group, n = 135 and were in the age range of 20–50 years. They were assessed for oral health status, followed by the analysis of salivary pH, flow rate, total proteins, amylase, calcium, phosphates, and IgA of unstimulated whole saliva. Results: Comparative evaluation of salivary parameters among groups found that varying tobacco abusers had increased salivary amylase, protein levels, and phosphate whereas decreased salivary pH, flow rate, IgA, and in the whole unstimulated saliva samples than those of non-tobacco users. This difference among groups was statistically significant. (p < 0.05), and calcium levels were not altered significantly. Conclusions: This study concludes that salivary parameters are altered in tobacco abusers when compared to those of non-abusers, and it was more significant in smokeless tobacco abusers than in any other form of tobacco abuse.https://www.imrpress.com/journal/FBL/28/10/10.31083/j.fbl2810263amylasecalciumflow rateigaphsaliva parameterstobacco abuser |
| spellingShingle | Rashmi Bhavsar Vandana Shah Rahul Bhavasar Namratha A. Ajith Pawan Toshniwal Khalid J. Alzahrani Khalaf F. Alsharif Fuad M. Alzahrani Ibrahim F. Halawani A. Thirumal Raj Rodolfo Reda Luca Testarelli Shilpa Bhandi Comparative Evaluation of Salivary Parameters in Tobacco Substance Abusers Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark amylase calcium flow rate iga ph saliva parameters tobacco abuser |
| title | Comparative Evaluation of Salivary Parameters in Tobacco Substance Abusers |
| title_full | Comparative Evaluation of Salivary Parameters in Tobacco Substance Abusers |
| title_fullStr | Comparative Evaluation of Salivary Parameters in Tobacco Substance Abusers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparative Evaluation of Salivary Parameters in Tobacco Substance Abusers |
| title_short | Comparative Evaluation of Salivary Parameters in Tobacco Substance Abusers |
| title_sort | comparative evaluation of salivary parameters in tobacco substance abusers |
| topic | amylase calcium flow rate iga ph saliva parameters tobacco abuser |
| url | https://www.imrpress.com/journal/FBL/28/10/10.31083/j.fbl2810263 |
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