Study of the quality index of groundwater (GWQI) and its use for irrigation purposes using the techniques of the geographic information system (GIS) of the plain Nekor-Ghiss (Morocco)
Groundwater is an indispensable source of water for drinking water supply, agriculture and industry worldwide. In arid and semi-arid regions, groundwater has seriously deteriorated in recent decades due to environmental changes, anthropogenic activities and marine intrusion. A total of 79 groundwate...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Environmental Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2023.1179283/full |
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| author | S. Elkhalki R. Hamed S. Jodeh M. Ghalit M. Ghalit R. Elbarghmi K. Azzaoui G. Hanbali K. Ben Zhir B. Ait Taleb A. Zarrouk A. Lamhamdi |
| author_facet | S. Elkhalki R. Hamed S. Jodeh M. Ghalit M. Ghalit R. Elbarghmi K. Azzaoui G. Hanbali K. Ben Zhir B. Ait Taleb A. Zarrouk A. Lamhamdi |
| author_sort | S. Elkhalki |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Groundwater is an indispensable source of water for drinking water supply, agriculture and industry worldwide. In arid and semi-arid regions, groundwater has seriously deteriorated in recent decades due to environmental changes, anthropogenic activities and marine intrusion. A total of 79 groundwater samples from the Nekor-Ghiss plain were sampled for major chemical ion analysis. These analyzes showed that the water samples were highly mineralized (>1,500 mg/L), with hardness (83.5% of the samples were very hard) and high concentrations of chemical elements, such as Cl−, Mg2+, Na+ and SO42-. To assess the quality of water in the study area for irrigation and consumption purposes, we used the quality index (GWQI) as well as a multi-criteria analysis based on “geographic information system” by assigning a weight to the different water quality parameters. Also, Piper and Durov diagram was investigated. The results of the study were focused on the water quality parameters of the collected groundwater samples, such as the sodium adsorption rate (SAR), the percentage of soluble sodium (Na%), the Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC) and Permeability Index (PI) Majority of water samples in the study area are suitable to be used for irrigation. Magnesium Risk (MH) and Kelley’s Ratio Kelly ratio. 51.9% unsuitable samples to 59.49% good samples for irrigation purposes. Monitoring the quality and quantity of groundwater is crucial for the effective and sustainable management of this valuable resource. According to the results obtained, it appears that 92% of all the samples are located in the domain of frequent recharge waters of limestone and dolomitic aquifers, namely, Ca-Mg-HCO3. About 8% of the samples measured have a composition of the Ca-Na-Mg-HCO3 type. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T09:46:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0a24497647fb4c149c2e34cd08ac13af |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-665X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T09:46:09Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Environmental Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-0a24497647fb4c149c2e34cd08ac13af2023-05-25T04:17:32ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Environmental Science2296-665X2023-05-011110.3389/fenvs.2023.11792831179283Study of the quality index of groundwater (GWQI) and its use for irrigation purposes using the techniques of the geographic information system (GIS) of the plain Nekor-Ghiss (Morocco)S. Elkhalki0R. Hamed1S. Jodeh2M. Ghalit3M. Ghalit4R. Elbarghmi5K. Azzaoui6G. Hanbali7K. Ben Zhir8B. Ait Taleb9A. Zarrouk10A. Lamhamdi11Laboratory of Applied Sciences, National School of Applied Sciences (ENSAH), Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, MoroccoDepartment of Chemistry, An-Najah National University, Nablus, PalestineDepartment of Chemistry, An-Najah National University, Nablus, PalestineLaboratory of Applied Sciences, National School of Applied Sciences (ENSAH), Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, MoroccoLaboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, UMP, Oujda, MoroccoLaboratory of Applied Sciences, National School of Applied Sciences (ENSAH), Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, MoroccoLaboratory of Engineering, Electrochemistry, Modeling and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, MoroccoDepartment of Chemistry, An-Najah National University, Nablus, PalestineNational Institute of Agricultural Research, Rabat, MoroccoNational Institute of Agricultural Research, Rabat, MoroccoLaboratory of Materials, Nanotechnology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, MoroccoLaboratory of Applied Sciences, National School of Applied Sciences (ENSAH), Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, MoroccoGroundwater is an indispensable source of water for drinking water supply, agriculture and industry worldwide. In arid and semi-arid regions, groundwater has seriously deteriorated in recent decades due to environmental changes, anthropogenic activities and marine intrusion. A total of 79 groundwater samples from the Nekor-Ghiss plain were sampled for major chemical ion analysis. These analyzes showed that the water samples were highly mineralized (>1,500 mg/L), with hardness (83.5% of the samples were very hard) and high concentrations of chemical elements, such as Cl−, Mg2+, Na+ and SO42-. To assess the quality of water in the study area for irrigation and consumption purposes, we used the quality index (GWQI) as well as a multi-criteria analysis based on “geographic information system” by assigning a weight to the different water quality parameters. Also, Piper and Durov diagram was investigated. The results of the study were focused on the water quality parameters of the collected groundwater samples, such as the sodium adsorption rate (SAR), the percentage of soluble sodium (Na%), the Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC) and Permeability Index (PI) Majority of water samples in the study area are suitable to be used for irrigation. Magnesium Risk (MH) and Kelley’s Ratio Kelly ratio. 51.9% unsuitable samples to 59.49% good samples for irrigation purposes. Monitoring the quality and quantity of groundwater is crucial for the effective and sustainable management of this valuable resource. According to the results obtained, it appears that 92% of all the samples are located in the domain of frequent recharge waters of limestone and dolomitic aquifers, namely, Ca-Mg-HCO3. About 8% of the samples measured have a composition of the Ca-Na-Mg-HCO3 type.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2023.1179283/fullgroundwaterirrigationqualityGWQIGISNekor-Ghiss |
| spellingShingle | S. Elkhalki R. Hamed S. Jodeh M. Ghalit M. Ghalit R. Elbarghmi K. Azzaoui G. Hanbali K. Ben Zhir B. Ait Taleb A. Zarrouk A. Lamhamdi Study of the quality index of groundwater (GWQI) and its use for irrigation purposes using the techniques of the geographic information system (GIS) of the plain Nekor-Ghiss (Morocco) Frontiers in Environmental Science groundwater irrigation quality GWQI GIS Nekor-Ghiss |
| title | Study of the quality index of groundwater (GWQI) and its use for irrigation purposes using the techniques of the geographic information system (GIS) of the plain Nekor-Ghiss (Morocco) |
| title_full | Study of the quality index of groundwater (GWQI) and its use for irrigation purposes using the techniques of the geographic information system (GIS) of the plain Nekor-Ghiss (Morocco) |
| title_fullStr | Study of the quality index of groundwater (GWQI) and its use for irrigation purposes using the techniques of the geographic information system (GIS) of the plain Nekor-Ghiss (Morocco) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Study of the quality index of groundwater (GWQI) and its use for irrigation purposes using the techniques of the geographic information system (GIS) of the plain Nekor-Ghiss (Morocco) |
| title_short | Study of the quality index of groundwater (GWQI) and its use for irrigation purposes using the techniques of the geographic information system (GIS) of the plain Nekor-Ghiss (Morocco) |
| title_sort | study of the quality index of groundwater gwqi and its use for irrigation purposes using the techniques of the geographic information system gis of the plain nekor ghiss morocco |
| topic | groundwater irrigation quality GWQI GIS Nekor-Ghiss |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2023.1179283/full |
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