Fabry–Pérot Cavities with Suspended Palladium Membranes on Optical Fibers for Highly Sensitive Hydrogen Sensing
Hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>) sensors are critical to various applications such as the situation where H<sub>2</sub> is used as the clean energy for industry or the indicator for human disease diagnosis. Palladium (Pd) is widely used as the hydrogen sensing material in different t...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-10-01
|
| Series: | Molecules |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/19/6984 |
| _version_ | 1827722319058960384 |
|---|---|
| author | Feng Xu Jun Ma Can Li Churong Ma Jie Li Bai-Ou Guan Kai Chen |
| author_facet | Feng Xu Jun Ma Can Li Churong Ma Jie Li Bai-Ou Guan Kai Chen |
| author_sort | Feng Xu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>) sensors are critical to various applications such as the situation where H<sub>2</sub> is used as the clean energy for industry or the indicator for human disease diagnosis. Palladium (Pd) is widely used as the hydrogen sensing material in different types of sensors. Optical fiber H<sub>2</sub> sensors are particularly promising due to their compactness and spark-free operation. Here, we report a Fabry–Pérot (FP)-cavity-based H<sub>2</sub> sensor that is formed with a freestanding Pd membrane and integrated on a conventional single-mode optical fiber end. The freestanding Pd membrane acts both as the active hydrogen sensing material and as one of the reflective mirrors of the cavity. When the Pd film absorbs H<sub>2</sub> to form PdH<sub>x</sub>, it will be stretched, resulting in a change of the cavity length and thus a shift of the interference spectrum. The H<sub>2</sub> concentration can be derived from the amplitude of the wavelength shift. Experimental results showed that H<sub>2</sub> sensors based on suspended Pd membranes can achieve a detection sensitivity of about 3.6 pm/ppm and a detection limit of about 3.3 ppm. This highly sensitive detection scheme is expected to find applications for sensing low-concentration H<sub>2</sub>. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:38:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0a2926195c354701bb4aeac7098d6aec |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:38:21Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-0a2926195c354701bb4aeac7098d6aec2023-11-19T14:48:13ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492023-10-012819698410.3390/molecules28196984Fabry–Pérot Cavities with Suspended Palladium Membranes on Optical Fibers for Highly Sensitive Hydrogen SensingFeng Xu0Jun Ma1Can Li2Churong Ma3Jie Li4Bai-Ou Guan5Kai Chen6Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, ChinaGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, ChinaGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, ChinaGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, ChinaGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, ChinaGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, ChinaGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, ChinaHydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>) sensors are critical to various applications such as the situation where H<sub>2</sub> is used as the clean energy for industry or the indicator for human disease diagnosis. Palladium (Pd) is widely used as the hydrogen sensing material in different types of sensors. Optical fiber H<sub>2</sub> sensors are particularly promising due to their compactness and spark-free operation. Here, we report a Fabry–Pérot (FP)-cavity-based H<sub>2</sub> sensor that is formed with a freestanding Pd membrane and integrated on a conventional single-mode optical fiber end. The freestanding Pd membrane acts both as the active hydrogen sensing material and as one of the reflective mirrors of the cavity. When the Pd film absorbs H<sub>2</sub> to form PdH<sub>x</sub>, it will be stretched, resulting in a change of the cavity length and thus a shift of the interference spectrum. The H<sub>2</sub> concentration can be derived from the amplitude of the wavelength shift. Experimental results showed that H<sub>2</sub> sensors based on suspended Pd membranes can achieve a detection sensitivity of about 3.6 pm/ppm and a detection limit of about 3.3 ppm. This highly sensitive detection scheme is expected to find applications for sensing low-concentration H<sub>2</sub>.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/19/6984Fabry–Pérot cavityhydrogen sensoroptical fiberpalladium |
| spellingShingle | Feng Xu Jun Ma Can Li Churong Ma Jie Li Bai-Ou Guan Kai Chen Fabry–Pérot Cavities with Suspended Palladium Membranes on Optical Fibers for Highly Sensitive Hydrogen Sensing Molecules Fabry–Pérot cavity hydrogen sensor optical fiber palladium |
| title | Fabry–Pérot Cavities with Suspended Palladium Membranes on Optical Fibers for Highly Sensitive Hydrogen Sensing |
| title_full | Fabry–Pérot Cavities with Suspended Palladium Membranes on Optical Fibers for Highly Sensitive Hydrogen Sensing |
| title_fullStr | Fabry–Pérot Cavities with Suspended Palladium Membranes on Optical Fibers for Highly Sensitive Hydrogen Sensing |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fabry–Pérot Cavities with Suspended Palladium Membranes on Optical Fibers for Highly Sensitive Hydrogen Sensing |
| title_short | Fabry–Pérot Cavities with Suspended Palladium Membranes on Optical Fibers for Highly Sensitive Hydrogen Sensing |
| title_sort | fabry perot cavities with suspended palladium membranes on optical fibers for highly sensitive hydrogen sensing |
| topic | Fabry–Pérot cavity hydrogen sensor optical fiber palladium |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/19/6984 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT fengxu fabryperotcavitieswithsuspendedpalladiummembranesonopticalfibersforhighlysensitivehydrogensensing AT junma fabryperotcavitieswithsuspendedpalladiummembranesonopticalfibersforhighlysensitivehydrogensensing AT canli fabryperotcavitieswithsuspendedpalladiummembranesonopticalfibersforhighlysensitivehydrogensensing AT churongma fabryperotcavitieswithsuspendedpalladiummembranesonopticalfibersforhighlysensitivehydrogensensing AT jieli fabryperotcavitieswithsuspendedpalladiummembranesonopticalfibersforhighlysensitivehydrogensensing AT baiouguan fabryperotcavitieswithsuspendedpalladiummembranesonopticalfibersforhighlysensitivehydrogensensing AT kaichen fabryperotcavitieswithsuspendedpalladiummembranesonopticalfibersforhighlysensitivehydrogensensing |