Prevention of Advanced Cancer by Vitamin D<sub>3</sub> Supplementation: Interaction by Body Mass Index Revisited
Meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have demonstrated a protective effect of vitamin D<sub>3</sub> (cholecalciferol) supplementation against cancer mortality. In the VITAL study, a RCT including 25,871 men ≥ 50 years and women ≥ 55 years, protective effects of vitamin D&...
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MDPI AG
2021-04-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/5/1408 |
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| author | Hermann Brenner Sabine Kuznia Clarissa Laetsch Tobias Niedermaier Ben Schöttker |
| author_facet | Hermann Brenner Sabine Kuznia Clarissa Laetsch Tobias Niedermaier Ben Schöttker |
| author_sort | Hermann Brenner |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have demonstrated a protective effect of vitamin D<sub>3</sub> (cholecalciferol) supplementation against cancer mortality. In the VITAL study, a RCT including 25,871 men ≥ 50 years and women ≥ 55 years, protective effects of vitamin D<sub>3</sub> supplementation (2000 IU/day over a median of 5.3 years) with respect to incidence of any cancer and of advanced cancer (metastatic cancer or cancer death) were seen for normal-weight participants but not for overweight or obese participants. We aimed to explore potential reasons for this apparent variation of vitamin D effects by body mass index. We conducted complementary analyses of published data from the VITAL study on the association of body weight with cancer outcomes, stratified by vitamin D<sub>3</sub> supplementation. Significantly increased risks of any cancer and of advanced cancer were seen among normal-weight participants compared to obese participants in the control group (relative risk (RR), 1.27; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.07–1.52, and RR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.04–1.97, respectively). No such patterns were seen in the intervention group. Among those with incident cancer, vitamin D<sub>3</sub> supplementation was associated with a significantly reduced risk of advanced cancer (RR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.74–0.99). The observed patterns point to pre-diagnostic weight loss of cancer patients and preventive effects of vitamin D<sub>3</sub> supplementation from cancer progression as plausible explanations for the body mass index (BMI)—intervention interactions. Further research, including RCTs more comprehensively exploring the potential of adjuvant vitamin D therapy for cancer patients, should be pursued with priority. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:05:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0a2a97bb879a49f786927d40da85e0b6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:05:22Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-0a2a97bb879a49f786927d40da85e0b62023-11-21T16:37:47ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432021-04-01135140810.3390/nu13051408Prevention of Advanced Cancer by Vitamin D<sub>3</sub> Supplementation: Interaction by Body Mass Index RevisitedHermann Brenner0Sabine Kuznia1Clarissa Laetsch2Tobias Niedermaier3Ben Schöttker4Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, GermanyDivision of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, GermanyDivision of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, GermanyDivision of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, GermanyDivision of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, GermanyMeta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have demonstrated a protective effect of vitamin D<sub>3</sub> (cholecalciferol) supplementation against cancer mortality. In the VITAL study, a RCT including 25,871 men ≥ 50 years and women ≥ 55 years, protective effects of vitamin D<sub>3</sub> supplementation (2000 IU/day over a median of 5.3 years) with respect to incidence of any cancer and of advanced cancer (metastatic cancer or cancer death) were seen for normal-weight participants but not for overweight or obese participants. We aimed to explore potential reasons for this apparent variation of vitamin D effects by body mass index. We conducted complementary analyses of published data from the VITAL study on the association of body weight with cancer outcomes, stratified by vitamin D<sub>3</sub> supplementation. Significantly increased risks of any cancer and of advanced cancer were seen among normal-weight participants compared to obese participants in the control group (relative risk (RR), 1.27; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.07–1.52, and RR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.04–1.97, respectively). No such patterns were seen in the intervention group. Among those with incident cancer, vitamin D<sub>3</sub> supplementation was associated with a significantly reduced risk of advanced cancer (RR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.74–0.99). The observed patterns point to pre-diagnostic weight loss of cancer patients and preventive effects of vitamin D<sub>3</sub> supplementation from cancer progression as plausible explanations for the body mass index (BMI)—intervention interactions. Further research, including RCTs more comprehensively exploring the potential of adjuvant vitamin D therapy for cancer patients, should be pursued with priority.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/5/1408body mass indexcancerpreventionsupplementationvitamin D |
| spellingShingle | Hermann Brenner Sabine Kuznia Clarissa Laetsch Tobias Niedermaier Ben Schöttker Prevention of Advanced Cancer by Vitamin D<sub>3</sub> Supplementation: Interaction by Body Mass Index Revisited Nutrients body mass index cancer prevention supplementation vitamin D |
| title | Prevention of Advanced Cancer by Vitamin D<sub>3</sub> Supplementation: Interaction by Body Mass Index Revisited |
| title_full | Prevention of Advanced Cancer by Vitamin D<sub>3</sub> Supplementation: Interaction by Body Mass Index Revisited |
| title_fullStr | Prevention of Advanced Cancer by Vitamin D<sub>3</sub> Supplementation: Interaction by Body Mass Index Revisited |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prevention of Advanced Cancer by Vitamin D<sub>3</sub> Supplementation: Interaction by Body Mass Index Revisited |
| title_short | Prevention of Advanced Cancer by Vitamin D<sub>3</sub> Supplementation: Interaction by Body Mass Index Revisited |
| title_sort | prevention of advanced cancer by vitamin d sub 3 sub supplementation interaction by body mass index revisited |
| topic | body mass index cancer prevention supplementation vitamin D |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/5/1408 |
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