Location Accuracy Improvement of Long-range Lightning Detection Network In China by Compensating Ground Wave Propagation Delay
Very low frequency (VLF) electromagnetic waves distort along the long propagation path, and that causes the arrival time of the signals measured by the long-range lightning system to be delayed. In this paper, based on the propagation correction method by compensating the peak time delay of the grou...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-07-01
|
| Series: | Remote Sensing |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/14/3397 |
| _version_ | 1797416111018344448 |
|---|---|
| author | Junchao Zhang Jiahao Zhou Jie Li Jiaying Gu Qilin Zhang Bingzhe Dai Yao Wang Jialei Wang Yuqing Zhong Qingda Li |
| author_facet | Junchao Zhang Jiahao Zhou Jie Li Jiaying Gu Qilin Zhang Bingzhe Dai Yao Wang Jialei Wang Yuqing Zhong Qingda Li |
| author_sort | Junchao Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Very low frequency (VLF) electromagnetic waves distort along the long propagation path, and that causes the arrival time of the signals measured by the long-range lightning system to be delayed. In this paper, based on the propagation correction method by compensating the peak time delay of the ground wave, the location accuracy of the long-range lightning detection network in China is greatly improved. The improvement of the relative location accuracy and location offsets are evaluated by comparing with the Advanced Direction Time Lightning Detection System (ADTD) datasets. It shows that the mean relative accuracy is improved from 7.74 km to 4.32 km, and the median relative accuracy is improved from 7.28 km to 2.46 km. The mean westwards offset of the total lightning location data drops from 2.05 km to 0.93 km, and the mean southwards offset drops from 1.19 km to 0.63 km. In addition, it is found that the location accuracy will be greatly improved if the observation site affected by the terrain is removed. The mean relative location accuracy is further improved to 4.11 km and the median to 2.32 km. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:58:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0a3063264d454fd2921cc25120f18785 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:58:52Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj.art-0a3063264d454fd2921cc25120f187852023-12-03T12:11:01ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922022-07-011414339710.3390/rs14143397Location Accuracy Improvement of Long-range Lightning Detection Network In China by Compensating Ground Wave Propagation DelayJunchao Zhang0Jiahao Zhou1Jie Li2Jiaying Gu3Qilin Zhang4Bingzhe Dai5Yao Wang6Jialei Wang7Yuqing Zhong8Qingda Li9Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME), Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Key Laboratory for Aerosol Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME), Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Key Laboratory for Aerosol Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME), Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Key Laboratory for Aerosol Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME), Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Key Laboratory for Aerosol Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME), Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Key Laboratory for Aerosol Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME), Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Key Laboratory for Aerosol Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME), Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Key Laboratory for Aerosol Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME), Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Key Laboratory for Aerosol Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME), Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Key Laboratory for Aerosol Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME), Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Key Laboratory for Aerosol Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, ChinaVery low frequency (VLF) electromagnetic waves distort along the long propagation path, and that causes the arrival time of the signals measured by the long-range lightning system to be delayed. In this paper, based on the propagation correction method by compensating the peak time delay of the ground wave, the location accuracy of the long-range lightning detection network in China is greatly improved. The improvement of the relative location accuracy and location offsets are evaluated by comparing with the Advanced Direction Time Lightning Detection System (ADTD) datasets. It shows that the mean relative accuracy is improved from 7.74 km to 4.32 km, and the median relative accuracy is improved from 7.28 km to 2.46 km. The mean westwards offset of the total lightning location data drops from 2.05 km to 0.93 km, and the mean southwards offset drops from 1.19 km to 0.63 km. In addition, it is found that the location accuracy will be greatly improved if the observation site affected by the terrain is removed. The mean relative location accuracy is further improved to 4.11 km and the median to 2.32 km.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/14/3397long-range lightning detection networklocation accuracyground wave peak timedelaypropagation effects correction |
| spellingShingle | Junchao Zhang Jiahao Zhou Jie Li Jiaying Gu Qilin Zhang Bingzhe Dai Yao Wang Jialei Wang Yuqing Zhong Qingda Li Location Accuracy Improvement of Long-range Lightning Detection Network In China by Compensating Ground Wave Propagation Delay Remote Sensing long-range lightning detection network location accuracy ground wave peak timedelay propagation effects correction |
| title | Location Accuracy Improvement of Long-range Lightning Detection Network In China by Compensating Ground Wave Propagation Delay |
| title_full | Location Accuracy Improvement of Long-range Lightning Detection Network In China by Compensating Ground Wave Propagation Delay |
| title_fullStr | Location Accuracy Improvement of Long-range Lightning Detection Network In China by Compensating Ground Wave Propagation Delay |
| title_full_unstemmed | Location Accuracy Improvement of Long-range Lightning Detection Network In China by Compensating Ground Wave Propagation Delay |
| title_short | Location Accuracy Improvement of Long-range Lightning Detection Network In China by Compensating Ground Wave Propagation Delay |
| title_sort | location accuracy improvement of long range lightning detection network in china by compensating ground wave propagation delay |
| topic | long-range lightning detection network location accuracy ground wave peak timedelay propagation effects correction |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/14/3397 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT junchaozhang locationaccuracyimprovementoflongrangelightningdetectionnetworkinchinabycompensatinggroundwavepropagationdelay AT jiahaozhou locationaccuracyimprovementoflongrangelightningdetectionnetworkinchinabycompensatinggroundwavepropagationdelay AT jieli locationaccuracyimprovementoflongrangelightningdetectionnetworkinchinabycompensatinggroundwavepropagationdelay AT jiayinggu locationaccuracyimprovementoflongrangelightningdetectionnetworkinchinabycompensatinggroundwavepropagationdelay AT qilinzhang locationaccuracyimprovementoflongrangelightningdetectionnetworkinchinabycompensatinggroundwavepropagationdelay AT bingzhedai locationaccuracyimprovementoflongrangelightningdetectionnetworkinchinabycompensatinggroundwavepropagationdelay AT yaowang locationaccuracyimprovementoflongrangelightningdetectionnetworkinchinabycompensatinggroundwavepropagationdelay AT jialeiwang locationaccuracyimprovementoflongrangelightningdetectionnetworkinchinabycompensatinggroundwavepropagationdelay AT yuqingzhong locationaccuracyimprovementoflongrangelightningdetectionnetworkinchinabycompensatinggroundwavepropagationdelay AT qingdali locationaccuracyimprovementoflongrangelightningdetectionnetworkinchinabycompensatinggroundwavepropagationdelay |