Evaluation of Groundwater Quality and Contamination Using the Groundwater Pollution Index (GPI), Nitrate Pollution Index (NPI), and GIS
Groundwater is an essential and indispensable resource, meeting dire needs for drinking and irrigation purposes. The aim of this study is to assess the suitability of groundwater quality for drinking purposes. This evaluation will be conducted using the Groundwater Pollution Index (GPI), the nitrate...
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MDPI AG
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/20/3701 |
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| author | Hefdhallah S. Al-Aizari Fatima Aslaou Ali R. Al-Aizari Abdel-Basit Al-Odayni Abdul-Jaleel M. Al-Aizari |
| author_facet | Hefdhallah S. Al-Aizari Fatima Aslaou Ali R. Al-Aizari Abdel-Basit Al-Odayni Abdul-Jaleel M. Al-Aizari |
| author_sort | Hefdhallah S. Al-Aizari |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Groundwater is an essential and indispensable resource, meeting dire needs for drinking and irrigation purposes. The aim of this study is to assess the suitability of groundwater quality for drinking purposes. This evaluation will be conducted using the Groundwater Pollution Index (GPI), the nitrate pollution index (NPI), and the geographic information system (GIS) in Sidi Slimane, Morocco. In this study, a comprehensive collection of 20 samples was obtained from various locations for analysis and evaluation. Hadrochemical facies of this study area showed that out of 20 samples, 90% belonged to a type (Na<sup>+</sup>-K<sup>+</sup>-Cl<sup>−</sup>-SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>), while only 10% fell into a category (Ca<sup>2+</sup>-Mg<sup>2+</sup>-Cl<sup>−</sup>-SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>). The Groundwater Pollution Index values ranged from 0.7 to 10.8, with an average of 7.03; about 60% of the groundwater samples analyzed in this study area were classified as highly polluted and unsuitable for drinking purposes. Nitrate index values ranged from −0.9 to 10.5. Approximately 80% of the sampled sites require treatment before consumption. According to the Nitrate Pollution Index (NPI), it is essential to regularly monitor 16 well sites to prevent nitrate contamination resulting from human activities, including waste disposal in open areas and sewage infiltration. This study recommends raising farmers’ awareness of the use of slow-release natural fertilizers made from nitrogen rather than nitrogen-based fertilizers, reducing waste disposal by residents, and maintaining an appropriate sewage network to minimize sewage flow leakage. This study plays a vital role in identifying the polluted areas and highlighting the need to take appropriate measures to control the sources of pollution in this study area in order to protect water resources and ensure the provision of safe water to the local population. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:48:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0a472ab0595b4b37a0175a74557d2ccd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:48:28Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-0a472ab0595b4b37a0175a74557d2ccd2023-11-19T18:31:37ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412023-10-011520370110.3390/w15203701Evaluation of Groundwater Quality and Contamination Using the Groundwater Pollution Index (GPI), Nitrate Pollution Index (NPI), and GISHefdhallah S. Al-Aizari0Fatima Aslaou1Ali R. Al-Aizari2Abdel-Basit Al-Odayni3Abdul-Jaleel M. Al-Aizari4Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Catalysis and Environmental Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra 14000, MoroccoResearch Team on Health and Nutrition of Mother and Child, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat 10500, MoroccoInstitute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, ChinaDepartment of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaGroundwater is an essential and indispensable resource, meeting dire needs for drinking and irrigation purposes. The aim of this study is to assess the suitability of groundwater quality for drinking purposes. This evaluation will be conducted using the Groundwater Pollution Index (GPI), the nitrate pollution index (NPI), and the geographic information system (GIS) in Sidi Slimane, Morocco. In this study, a comprehensive collection of 20 samples was obtained from various locations for analysis and evaluation. Hadrochemical facies of this study area showed that out of 20 samples, 90% belonged to a type (Na<sup>+</sup>-K<sup>+</sup>-Cl<sup>−</sup>-SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>), while only 10% fell into a category (Ca<sup>2+</sup>-Mg<sup>2+</sup>-Cl<sup>−</sup>-SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>). The Groundwater Pollution Index values ranged from 0.7 to 10.8, with an average of 7.03; about 60% of the groundwater samples analyzed in this study area were classified as highly polluted and unsuitable for drinking purposes. Nitrate index values ranged from −0.9 to 10.5. Approximately 80% of the sampled sites require treatment before consumption. According to the Nitrate Pollution Index (NPI), it is essential to regularly monitor 16 well sites to prevent nitrate contamination resulting from human activities, including waste disposal in open areas and sewage infiltration. This study recommends raising farmers’ awareness of the use of slow-release natural fertilizers made from nitrogen rather than nitrogen-based fertilizers, reducing waste disposal by residents, and maintaining an appropriate sewage network to minimize sewage flow leakage. This study plays a vital role in identifying the polluted areas and highlighting the need to take appropriate measures to control the sources of pollution in this study area in order to protect water resources and ensure the provision of safe water to the local population.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/20/3701groundwatercontaminationgroundwater pollution indexnitrate pollution indexGIS |
| spellingShingle | Hefdhallah S. Al-Aizari Fatima Aslaou Ali R. Al-Aizari Abdel-Basit Al-Odayni Abdul-Jaleel M. Al-Aizari Evaluation of Groundwater Quality and Contamination Using the Groundwater Pollution Index (GPI), Nitrate Pollution Index (NPI), and GIS Water groundwater contamination groundwater pollution index nitrate pollution index GIS |
| title | Evaluation of Groundwater Quality and Contamination Using the Groundwater Pollution Index (GPI), Nitrate Pollution Index (NPI), and GIS |
| title_full | Evaluation of Groundwater Quality and Contamination Using the Groundwater Pollution Index (GPI), Nitrate Pollution Index (NPI), and GIS |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of Groundwater Quality and Contamination Using the Groundwater Pollution Index (GPI), Nitrate Pollution Index (NPI), and GIS |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of Groundwater Quality and Contamination Using the Groundwater Pollution Index (GPI), Nitrate Pollution Index (NPI), and GIS |
| title_short | Evaluation of Groundwater Quality and Contamination Using the Groundwater Pollution Index (GPI), Nitrate Pollution Index (NPI), and GIS |
| title_sort | evaluation of groundwater quality and contamination using the groundwater pollution index gpi nitrate pollution index npi and gis |
| topic | groundwater contamination groundwater pollution index nitrate pollution index GIS |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/20/3701 |
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