Metabolic Activation and DNA Interactions of Carcinogenic <i>N</i>-Nitrosamines to Which Humans Are Commonly Exposed
Carcinogenic <i>N</i>-nitrosamine contamination in certain drugs has recently caused great concern and the attention of regulatory agencies. These carcinogens—widely detectable in relatively low levels in food, water, cosmetics, and drugs—are well-established and powerful animal carcinog...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/9/4559 |
| _version_ | 1797504686780055552 |
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| author | Yupeng Li Stephen S. Hecht |
| author_facet | Yupeng Li Stephen S. Hecht |
| author_sort | Yupeng Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Carcinogenic <i>N</i>-nitrosamine contamination in certain drugs has recently caused great concern and the attention of regulatory agencies. These carcinogens—widely detectable in relatively low levels in food, water, cosmetics, and drugs—are well-established and powerful animal carcinogens. The electrophiles resulting from the cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism of <i>N</i>-nitrosamines can readily react with DNA and form covalent addition products (DNA adducts) that play a central role in carcinogenesis if not repaired. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive and updated review of progress on the metabolic activation and DNA interactions of 10 carcinogenic <i>N</i>-nitrosamines to which humans are commonly exposed. Certain DNA adducts such as <i>O</i><sup>6</sup>-methylguanine with established miscoding properties play central roles in the cancer induction process, whereas others have been linked to the high incidence of certain types of cancers. We hope the data summarized here will help researchers gain a better understanding of the bioactivation and DNA interactions of these 10 carcinogenic <i>N</i>-nitrosamines and facilitate further research on their toxicologic and carcinogenic properties. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:07:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0a53fbdf7e6f4012bc27bbe112532abd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:07:51Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-0a53fbdf7e6f4012bc27bbe112532abd2023-11-23T08:18:56ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-04-01239455910.3390/ijms23094559Metabolic Activation and DNA Interactions of Carcinogenic <i>N</i>-Nitrosamines to Which Humans Are Commonly ExposedYupeng Li0Stephen S. Hecht1Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USAMasonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USACarcinogenic <i>N</i>-nitrosamine contamination in certain drugs has recently caused great concern and the attention of regulatory agencies. These carcinogens—widely detectable in relatively low levels in food, water, cosmetics, and drugs—are well-established and powerful animal carcinogens. The electrophiles resulting from the cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism of <i>N</i>-nitrosamines can readily react with DNA and form covalent addition products (DNA adducts) that play a central role in carcinogenesis if not repaired. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive and updated review of progress on the metabolic activation and DNA interactions of 10 carcinogenic <i>N</i>-nitrosamines to which humans are commonly exposed. Certain DNA adducts such as <i>O</i><sup>6</sup>-methylguanine with established miscoding properties play central roles in the cancer induction process, whereas others have been linked to the high incidence of certain types of cancers. We hope the data summarized here will help researchers gain a better understanding of the bioactivation and DNA interactions of these 10 carcinogenic <i>N</i>-nitrosamines and facilitate further research on their toxicologic and carcinogenic properties.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/9/4559<i>N</i>-nitrosaminesmetabolismDNA adductsNDMAP450s |
| spellingShingle | Yupeng Li Stephen S. Hecht Metabolic Activation and DNA Interactions of Carcinogenic <i>N</i>-Nitrosamines to Which Humans Are Commonly Exposed International Journal of Molecular Sciences <i>N</i>-nitrosamines metabolism DNA adducts NDMA P450s |
| title | Metabolic Activation and DNA Interactions of Carcinogenic <i>N</i>-Nitrosamines to Which Humans Are Commonly Exposed |
| title_full | Metabolic Activation and DNA Interactions of Carcinogenic <i>N</i>-Nitrosamines to Which Humans Are Commonly Exposed |
| title_fullStr | Metabolic Activation and DNA Interactions of Carcinogenic <i>N</i>-Nitrosamines to Which Humans Are Commonly Exposed |
| title_full_unstemmed | Metabolic Activation and DNA Interactions of Carcinogenic <i>N</i>-Nitrosamines to Which Humans Are Commonly Exposed |
| title_short | Metabolic Activation and DNA Interactions of Carcinogenic <i>N</i>-Nitrosamines to Which Humans Are Commonly Exposed |
| title_sort | metabolic activation and dna interactions of carcinogenic i n i nitrosamines to which humans are commonly exposed |
| topic | <i>N</i>-nitrosamines metabolism DNA adducts NDMA P450s |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/9/4559 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yupengli metabolicactivationanddnainteractionsofcarcinogenicininitrosaminestowhichhumansarecommonlyexposed AT stephenshecht metabolicactivationanddnainteractionsofcarcinogenicininitrosaminestowhichhumansarecommonlyexposed |