Improving Effects of Laccase-Mediated Pectin–Ferulic Acid Conjugate and Transglutaminase on Active Peptide Production in Bovine Lactoferrin Digests
Bovine lactoferrin (bLf) is a multifunctional glycoprotein and a good candidate for producing diverse bioactive peptides, which are easily lost during over-digestion. Accordingly, the effects of laccase-mediated pectin–ferulic acid conjugate (PF) and transglutaminase (TG) on improving the production...
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| author | Mingxia Xing Ying Ji Lianzhong Ai Fan Xie Yan Wu Phoency F. H. Lai |
| author_facet | Mingxia Xing Ying Ji Lianzhong Ai Fan Xie Yan Wu Phoency F. H. Lai |
| author_sort | Mingxia Xing |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bovine lactoferrin (bLf) is a multifunctional glycoprotein and a good candidate for producing diverse bioactive peptides, which are easily lost during over-digestion. Accordingly, the effects of laccase-mediated pectin–ferulic acid conjugate (PF) and transglutaminase (TG) on improving the production of bLf active peptides by in vitro gastrointestinal digestion were investigated. Using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy (UPLC-MS-MS), the digests of bLf alone, PF-encapsulated bLf complex (LfPF), and TG-treated LfPF complex (LfPFTG) produced by conditioned in vitro gastric digestion (2000 U/mL pepsin, pH 3.0, 37 °C, 2 h) were identified with seven groups of active peptide-related fragments, including three common peptides (VFEAGRDPYKLRPVAAE, FENLPEKADRDQYEL, and VLRPTEGYL) and four differential peptides (GILRPYLSWTE, ARSVDGKEDLIWKL, YLGSRYLT, and FKSETKNLL). The gastric digest of LfPF contained more diverse and abundant detectable peptides of longer lengths than those of bLf and LfPFTG. After further in vitro intestinal digestion, two active peptide-related fragments (FEAGRDPYK and FENLPEKADRDQYE) remained in the final digest of LfPFTG; one (EAGRDPYKLRPVA) remained in that of bLf alone, but none remained in that of LfPF. Conclusively, PF encapsulation enhanced the production of bLf active peptide fragments under the in vitro gastric digestion applied. TG treatment facilitated active peptide FENLPEKADRDQYE being kept in the final gastrointestinal digest. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:47:17Z |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:47:17Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-0a64d50b640148f6ada2477282ed1ccd2023-11-17T10:10:35ZengMDPI AGCatalysts2073-43442023-03-0113352110.3390/catal13030521Improving Effects of Laccase-Mediated Pectin–Ferulic Acid Conjugate and Transglutaminase on Active Peptide Production in Bovine Lactoferrin DigestsMingxia Xing0Ying Ji1Lianzhong Ai2Fan Xie3Yan Wu4Phoency F. H. Lai5Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, ChinaShanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, ChinaShanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, ChinaShanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, ChinaSchool of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaShanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, ChinaBovine lactoferrin (bLf) is a multifunctional glycoprotein and a good candidate for producing diverse bioactive peptides, which are easily lost during over-digestion. Accordingly, the effects of laccase-mediated pectin–ferulic acid conjugate (PF) and transglutaminase (TG) on improving the production of bLf active peptides by in vitro gastrointestinal digestion were investigated. Using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy (UPLC-MS-MS), the digests of bLf alone, PF-encapsulated bLf complex (LfPF), and TG-treated LfPF complex (LfPFTG) produced by conditioned in vitro gastric digestion (2000 U/mL pepsin, pH 3.0, 37 °C, 2 h) were identified with seven groups of active peptide-related fragments, including three common peptides (VFEAGRDPYKLRPVAAE, FENLPEKADRDQYEL, and VLRPTEGYL) and four differential peptides (GILRPYLSWTE, ARSVDGKEDLIWKL, YLGSRYLT, and FKSETKNLL). The gastric digest of LfPF contained more diverse and abundant detectable peptides of longer lengths than those of bLf and LfPFTG. After further in vitro intestinal digestion, two active peptide-related fragments (FEAGRDPYK and FENLPEKADRDQYE) remained in the final digest of LfPFTG; one (EAGRDPYKLRPVA) remained in that of bLf alone, but none remained in that of LfPF. Conclusively, PF encapsulation enhanced the production of bLf active peptide fragments under the in vitro gastric digestion applied. TG treatment facilitated active peptide FENLPEKADRDQYE being kept in the final gastrointestinal digest.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/13/3/521lactoferrinpectin–ferulic acid conjugatelaccasetransglutaminaseactive peptideUPLC-MS-MS |
| spellingShingle | Mingxia Xing Ying Ji Lianzhong Ai Fan Xie Yan Wu Phoency F. H. Lai Improving Effects of Laccase-Mediated Pectin–Ferulic Acid Conjugate and Transglutaminase on Active Peptide Production in Bovine Lactoferrin Digests Catalysts lactoferrin pectin–ferulic acid conjugate laccase transglutaminase active peptide UPLC-MS-MS |
| title | Improving Effects of Laccase-Mediated Pectin–Ferulic Acid Conjugate and Transglutaminase on Active Peptide Production in Bovine Lactoferrin Digests |
| title_full | Improving Effects of Laccase-Mediated Pectin–Ferulic Acid Conjugate and Transglutaminase on Active Peptide Production in Bovine Lactoferrin Digests |
| title_fullStr | Improving Effects of Laccase-Mediated Pectin–Ferulic Acid Conjugate and Transglutaminase on Active Peptide Production in Bovine Lactoferrin Digests |
| title_full_unstemmed | Improving Effects of Laccase-Mediated Pectin–Ferulic Acid Conjugate and Transglutaminase on Active Peptide Production in Bovine Lactoferrin Digests |
| title_short | Improving Effects of Laccase-Mediated Pectin–Ferulic Acid Conjugate and Transglutaminase on Active Peptide Production in Bovine Lactoferrin Digests |
| title_sort | improving effects of laccase mediated pectin ferulic acid conjugate and transglutaminase on active peptide production in bovine lactoferrin digests |
| topic | lactoferrin pectin–ferulic acid conjugate laccase transglutaminase active peptide UPLC-MS-MS |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/13/3/521 |
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