Synchronized Optical and Acoustic Droplet Vaporization for Effective Sonoporation
Inertial cavitation-based sonoporation has been utilized to enhance treatment delivery efficacy. In our previous study, we demonstrated that tumor therapeutic efficacy can be enhanced through vaporization-assisted sonoporation with gold nanodroplets (AuNDs). Specifically, the AuNDs were vaporized bo...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2019-06-01
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| Series: | Pharmaceutics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/11/6/279 |
| _version_ | 1818037514262282240 |
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| author | Wei-Wen Liu Sy-Han Huang Pai-Chi Li |
| author_facet | Wei-Wen Liu Sy-Han Huang Pai-Chi Li |
| author_sort | Wei-Wen Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Inertial cavitation-based sonoporation has been utilized to enhance treatment delivery efficacy. In our previous study, we demonstrated that tumor therapeutic efficacy can be enhanced through vaporization-assisted sonoporation with gold nanodroplets (AuNDs). Specifically, the AuNDs were vaporized both acoustically (i.e., acoustic droplet vaporization, ADV) and optically (i.e., optical droplet vaporization, ODV). A continuous wave (CW) laser was used for ODV in combination with an ultrasound pulse for ADV. Although effective for vaporization, the use of a CW laser is not energy efficient and may create unwanted heating and concomitant tissue damage. In this study, we propose the use of a pulsed wave (PW) laser to replace the CW laser. In addition, the PW laser was applied at the rarefaction phase of the ultrasound pulse so that the synergistic effects of ADV and ODV can be expected. Therefore, a significantly lower laser average power can be expected to achieve the vaporization threshold. Compared to the CW laser power at 2 W/cm<sup>2</sup> from the previous approach, the PW laser power was reduced to only 0.2404 W/cm<sup>2</sup>. Furthermore, we also demonstrate in vitro that the sonoporation rate was increased when the PW laser was applied at the rarefaction phase. Specifically, the vaporization signal, the inertial cavitation signal, and the sonoporation rate all displayed a 1-µs period, which corresponded to the period of the 1-MHz acoustic wave used for ADV, as a function of the relative laser delay. The increased sonoporation rate indicates that this technique has the potential to enhance sonoporation-directed drug delivery and tumor therapy with a lower laser power while keeping the cell death rate at the minimum. Photoacoustic imaging can also be performed at the same time since a PW laser is used for the ODV. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T07:28:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0a71e56bbaec46d68711c9fc4403f28d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4923 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T07:28:03Z |
| publishDate | 2019-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceutics |
| spelling | doaj.art-0a71e56bbaec46d68711c9fc4403f28d2022-12-22T01:57:38ZengMDPI AGPharmaceutics1999-49232019-06-0111627910.3390/pharmaceutics11060279pharmaceutics11060279Synchronized Optical and Acoustic Droplet Vaporization for Effective SonoporationWei-Wen Liu0Sy-Han Huang1Pai-Chi Li2Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, TaiwanGraduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, TaiwanGraduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, TaiwanInertial cavitation-based sonoporation has been utilized to enhance treatment delivery efficacy. In our previous study, we demonstrated that tumor therapeutic efficacy can be enhanced through vaporization-assisted sonoporation with gold nanodroplets (AuNDs). Specifically, the AuNDs were vaporized both acoustically (i.e., acoustic droplet vaporization, ADV) and optically (i.e., optical droplet vaporization, ODV). A continuous wave (CW) laser was used for ODV in combination with an ultrasound pulse for ADV. Although effective for vaporization, the use of a CW laser is not energy efficient and may create unwanted heating and concomitant tissue damage. In this study, we propose the use of a pulsed wave (PW) laser to replace the CW laser. In addition, the PW laser was applied at the rarefaction phase of the ultrasound pulse so that the synergistic effects of ADV and ODV can be expected. Therefore, a significantly lower laser average power can be expected to achieve the vaporization threshold. Compared to the CW laser power at 2 W/cm<sup>2</sup> from the previous approach, the PW laser power was reduced to only 0.2404 W/cm<sup>2</sup>. Furthermore, we also demonstrate in vitro that the sonoporation rate was increased when the PW laser was applied at the rarefaction phase. Specifically, the vaporization signal, the inertial cavitation signal, and the sonoporation rate all displayed a 1-µs period, which corresponded to the period of the 1-MHz acoustic wave used for ADV, as a function of the relative laser delay. The increased sonoporation rate indicates that this technique has the potential to enhance sonoporation-directed drug delivery and tumor therapy with a lower laser power while keeping the cell death rate at the minimum. Photoacoustic imaging can also be performed at the same time since a PW laser is used for the ODV.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/11/6/279nanodropletscavitationacoustic droplet vaporizationoptical droplet vaporizationsonoporation |
| spellingShingle | Wei-Wen Liu Sy-Han Huang Pai-Chi Li Synchronized Optical and Acoustic Droplet Vaporization for Effective Sonoporation Pharmaceutics nanodroplets cavitation acoustic droplet vaporization optical droplet vaporization sonoporation |
| title | Synchronized Optical and Acoustic Droplet Vaporization for Effective Sonoporation |
| title_full | Synchronized Optical and Acoustic Droplet Vaporization for Effective Sonoporation |
| title_fullStr | Synchronized Optical and Acoustic Droplet Vaporization for Effective Sonoporation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Synchronized Optical and Acoustic Droplet Vaporization for Effective Sonoporation |
| title_short | Synchronized Optical and Acoustic Droplet Vaporization for Effective Sonoporation |
| title_sort | synchronized optical and acoustic droplet vaporization for effective sonoporation |
| topic | nanodroplets cavitation acoustic droplet vaporization optical droplet vaporization sonoporation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/11/6/279 |
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