Climate Response in Tree-Rings of Sawara Cypress [<i>Chamaecyparis pisifera</i> (Siebold & Zucc.) Endl.] in Poland
Sawara cypress [<i>Chamaecyparis pisifera</i> (Siebold & Zucc.) Endl.] is originally from Japan. It was introduced to Europe in the latter half of the 19th century (in England and Holland in 1861, and in Poland in 1864). The aim of this study was to examine the influence of climatic...
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MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Forests |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/8/967 |
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| author | Anna Cedro Grzegorz Nowak Halina Kowalewska-Kalkowska |
| author_facet | Anna Cedro Grzegorz Nowak Halina Kowalewska-Kalkowska |
| author_sort | Anna Cedro |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Sawara cypress [<i>Chamaecyparis pisifera</i> (Siebold & Zucc.) Endl.] is originally from Japan. It was introduced to Europe in the latter half of the 19th century (in England and Holland in 1861, and in Poland in 1864). The aim of this study was to examine the influence of climatic conditions on tree-ring width among Sawara cypress populations growing in Poland. Additionally, other indicators determining the growth-climate relationship for the studied tree species were investigated such as false rings, missing rings, or frost rings. Five stands of Sawara cypress from northwestern and central Poland were selected for study. Samples were taken from 97 trees, using Pressler borers at breast-height. Tree-ring widths were measured down to 0.01 mm. Climatic data came from weather stations located the nearest to the study plots. Tree-ring width in the studied populations of Sawara cypress varies (from 1.94 to 4.47 mm). The oldest Sawara cypresses grow in Glinna Arboretum and are nearly 130 years old. The youngest ones grow in Rogów Arboretum (67 years old) and Wirty Arboretum (58 years old). Ten regional pointer years, including six negative and four positive ones, were determined for local chronologies. Negative pointer years were associated with the occurrence of cold winters and water shortages in summer. Positive pointer years are mostly periods with a warm winter season, early and warm spring, and with high precipitation totals during summer months. Correlation and response function analysis corroborates the results yielded by pointer year analysis. False rings carry an additional information on pluvial conditions in the summer period, and frost rings are an aid in dating dendrochronological series and indicate the occurrence of both very cold winters and persistent ground frost occurrences in the spring period. In comparison to native conifers, the Sawara cypress can be regarded as a fast-growing species. The knowledge of acclimatization, growth rate, and growth-climate relationship may be useful, especially in the time of a rapidly changing climate, increasing human impact, and highly intensified invasion of insect and fungal species attacking native forest-forming taxa. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:48:24Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4907 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:48:24Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Forests |
| spelling | doaj.art-0a7d1aea68d248988313cc94f68ecdd42023-11-22T07:41:36ZengMDPI AGForests1999-49072021-07-0112896710.3390/f12080967Climate Response in Tree-Rings of Sawara Cypress [<i>Chamaecyparis pisifera</i> (Siebold & Zucc.) Endl.] in PolandAnna Cedro0Grzegorz Nowak1Halina Kowalewska-Kalkowska2Institute of Marine & Environmental Sciences, University of Szczecin, Adama Mickiewicza 16, 70-383 Szczecin, PolandDepartment of Landscape Architecture, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Papieża Pawła VI 3A, 71-459 Szczecin, PolandInstitute of Marine & Environmental Sciences, University of Szczecin, Adama Mickiewicza 16, 70-383 Szczecin, PolandSawara cypress [<i>Chamaecyparis pisifera</i> (Siebold & Zucc.) Endl.] is originally from Japan. It was introduced to Europe in the latter half of the 19th century (in England and Holland in 1861, and in Poland in 1864). The aim of this study was to examine the influence of climatic conditions on tree-ring width among Sawara cypress populations growing in Poland. Additionally, other indicators determining the growth-climate relationship for the studied tree species were investigated such as false rings, missing rings, or frost rings. Five stands of Sawara cypress from northwestern and central Poland were selected for study. Samples were taken from 97 trees, using Pressler borers at breast-height. Tree-ring widths were measured down to 0.01 mm. Climatic data came from weather stations located the nearest to the study plots. Tree-ring width in the studied populations of Sawara cypress varies (from 1.94 to 4.47 mm). The oldest Sawara cypresses grow in Glinna Arboretum and are nearly 130 years old. The youngest ones grow in Rogów Arboretum (67 years old) and Wirty Arboretum (58 years old). Ten regional pointer years, including six negative and four positive ones, were determined for local chronologies. Negative pointer years were associated with the occurrence of cold winters and water shortages in summer. Positive pointer years are mostly periods with a warm winter season, early and warm spring, and with high precipitation totals during summer months. Correlation and response function analysis corroborates the results yielded by pointer year analysis. False rings carry an additional information on pluvial conditions in the summer period, and frost rings are an aid in dating dendrochronological series and indicate the occurrence of both very cold winters and persistent ground frost occurrences in the spring period. In comparison to native conifers, the Sawara cypress can be regarded as a fast-growing species. The knowledge of acclimatization, growth rate, and growth-climate relationship may be useful, especially in the time of a rapidly changing climate, increasing human impact, and highly intensified invasion of insect and fungal species attacking native forest-forming taxa.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/8/967dendrochronologydendroclimatologypointer yearsfalse ringsfrost rings |
| spellingShingle | Anna Cedro Grzegorz Nowak Halina Kowalewska-Kalkowska Climate Response in Tree-Rings of Sawara Cypress [<i>Chamaecyparis pisifera</i> (Siebold & Zucc.) Endl.] in Poland Forests dendrochronology dendroclimatology pointer years false rings frost rings |
| title | Climate Response in Tree-Rings of Sawara Cypress [<i>Chamaecyparis pisifera</i> (Siebold & Zucc.) Endl.] in Poland |
| title_full | Climate Response in Tree-Rings of Sawara Cypress [<i>Chamaecyparis pisifera</i> (Siebold & Zucc.) Endl.] in Poland |
| title_fullStr | Climate Response in Tree-Rings of Sawara Cypress [<i>Chamaecyparis pisifera</i> (Siebold & Zucc.) Endl.] in Poland |
| title_full_unstemmed | Climate Response in Tree-Rings of Sawara Cypress [<i>Chamaecyparis pisifera</i> (Siebold & Zucc.) Endl.] in Poland |
| title_short | Climate Response in Tree-Rings of Sawara Cypress [<i>Chamaecyparis pisifera</i> (Siebold & Zucc.) Endl.] in Poland |
| title_sort | climate response in tree rings of sawara cypress i chamaecyparis pisifera i siebold zucc endl in poland |
| topic | dendrochronology dendroclimatology pointer years false rings frost rings |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/8/967 |
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