Evaluation of Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation for Environmentally Sustainable Weed Management
In anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD), soil amended with a carbon source undergoes anaerobic conditions accompanied by changes in microbial community composition and an increase in the concentration of organic acids, primarily acetic and butyric acids, and gases that are deleterious to plant pathog...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/12/3147 |
| _version_ | 1797461809364467712 |
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| author | Ram B. Khadka Andres D. Sanabria-Velazquez John Cardina Sally A. Miller |
| author_facet | Ram B. Khadka Andres D. Sanabria-Velazquez John Cardina Sally A. Miller |
| author_sort | Ram B. Khadka |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD), soil amended with a carbon source undergoes anaerobic conditions accompanied by changes in microbial community composition and an increase in the concentration of organic acids, primarily acetic and butyric acids, and gases that are deleterious to plant pathogens, insects, and potentially to weeds. The purpose of this study was to explore the efficacy of ASD with different carbon sources on inactivation of propagules of a variety of weed species. Germination and viability of propagules of common lambsquarters (<i>Chenopodium album</i> L.), black nightshade (<i>Solanum nigrum</i> L.), yellow nutsedge (<i>Cyperus esculentus</i> L.), common pokeweed (<i>Phytolacca decandra</i> L.), barnyardgrass (<i>Echinochloa crus-galli</i> L.), dandelion (<i>Taraxacum officinale</i> (Weber)), and redroot pigweed (<i>Amaranthus retroflexus</i> L.) were tested using different rates of four carbon sources: molasses, wheat bran, mustard greens biomass, and raw chicken manure. Wheat bran was the most effective carbon source for inactivation of all weed propagules, followed by molasses and mustard greens biomass. Carbon sources were mixed with soil, which was irrigated to saturation and covered with plastic to promote anaerobic conditions for three weeks. Chicken manure inactivated all the tested species except <i>A. retroflexus</i> compared to the anaerobic control. Rates of carbon sources applied in soil were weakly but significantly correlated (<i>r</i> > 0.42 and <i>p</i> < 0.04) with weed seed mortality or germination inhibition (<i>E. crus-galli</i>) for all the tested carbon sources and weed species except for chicken manure for <i>C. album</i>, <i>A. retroflexus</i>, and <i>S. nigrum</i>. Laboratory tests to confirm organic acid toxicity showed that 1000 µL L<sup>−1</sup> acetic plus 1000 µL L<sup>−1</sup> butyric acids for at least 60 h inhibited of sprouting of <i>C. esculentus</i> tubers and <i>E. crusgalli</i> seeds, whereas 120 h or exposure was required to inhibit <i>C. album</i> seed germination. Anaerobic soil disinfestation effectively suppressed weed seed germination and viability when wheat bran, molasses and mustard greens biomass were used as carbon sources. This approach could be adopted for weed management in organic systems or any farming system where priority is given to environmentally sustainable practices. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:24:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0a8e5082c36148e795ce266cafe97057 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:24:38Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-0a8e5082c36148e795ce266cafe970572023-11-24T12:47:15ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952022-12-011212314710.3390/agronomy12123147Evaluation of Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation for Environmentally Sustainable Weed ManagementRam B. Khadka0Andres D. Sanabria-Velazquez1John Cardina2Sally A. Miller3Department of Plant Pathology, CFAES Wooster Campus, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Ave., Wooster, OH 43210, USADepartment of Plant Pathology, CFAES Wooster Campus, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Ave., Wooster, OH 43210, USADepartment of Horticulture and Crop Science, CFAES Wooster Campus, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Ave., Wooster, OH 43210, USADepartment of Plant Pathology, CFAES Wooster Campus, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Ave., Wooster, OH 43210, USAIn anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD), soil amended with a carbon source undergoes anaerobic conditions accompanied by changes in microbial community composition and an increase in the concentration of organic acids, primarily acetic and butyric acids, and gases that are deleterious to plant pathogens, insects, and potentially to weeds. The purpose of this study was to explore the efficacy of ASD with different carbon sources on inactivation of propagules of a variety of weed species. Germination and viability of propagules of common lambsquarters (<i>Chenopodium album</i> L.), black nightshade (<i>Solanum nigrum</i> L.), yellow nutsedge (<i>Cyperus esculentus</i> L.), common pokeweed (<i>Phytolacca decandra</i> L.), barnyardgrass (<i>Echinochloa crus-galli</i> L.), dandelion (<i>Taraxacum officinale</i> (Weber)), and redroot pigweed (<i>Amaranthus retroflexus</i> L.) were tested using different rates of four carbon sources: molasses, wheat bran, mustard greens biomass, and raw chicken manure. Wheat bran was the most effective carbon source for inactivation of all weed propagules, followed by molasses and mustard greens biomass. Carbon sources were mixed with soil, which was irrigated to saturation and covered with plastic to promote anaerobic conditions for three weeks. Chicken manure inactivated all the tested species except <i>A. retroflexus</i> compared to the anaerobic control. Rates of carbon sources applied in soil were weakly but significantly correlated (<i>r</i> > 0.42 and <i>p</i> < 0.04) with weed seed mortality or germination inhibition (<i>E. crus-galli</i>) for all the tested carbon sources and weed species except for chicken manure for <i>C. album</i>, <i>A. retroflexus</i>, and <i>S. nigrum</i>. Laboratory tests to confirm organic acid toxicity showed that 1000 µL L<sup>−1</sup> acetic plus 1000 µL L<sup>−1</sup> butyric acids for at least 60 h inhibited of sprouting of <i>C. esculentus</i> tubers and <i>E. crusgalli</i> seeds, whereas 120 h or exposure was required to inhibit <i>C. album</i> seed germination. Anaerobic soil disinfestation effectively suppressed weed seed germination and viability when wheat bran, molasses and mustard greens biomass were used as carbon sources. This approach could be adopted for weed management in organic systems or any farming system where priority is given to environmentally sustainable practices.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/12/3147biosolarizationASDorganic weed managementbiological soil disinfestationreductive soil disinfestationorganic production |
| spellingShingle | Ram B. Khadka Andres D. Sanabria-Velazquez John Cardina Sally A. Miller Evaluation of Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation for Environmentally Sustainable Weed Management Agronomy biosolarization ASD organic weed management biological soil disinfestation reductive soil disinfestation organic production |
| title | Evaluation of Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation for Environmentally Sustainable Weed Management |
| title_full | Evaluation of Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation for Environmentally Sustainable Weed Management |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation for Environmentally Sustainable Weed Management |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation for Environmentally Sustainable Weed Management |
| title_short | Evaluation of Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation for Environmentally Sustainable Weed Management |
| title_sort | evaluation of anaerobic soil disinfestation for environmentally sustainable weed management |
| topic | biosolarization ASD organic weed management biological soil disinfestation reductive soil disinfestation organic production |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/12/3147 |
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