Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Taste-Masking Effect of Selected Flavors on Dental Lidocaine HCl Injection
Aim: Anxiety and intolerance to dental local anesthetic injections are common in patients undergoing dental procedures. This work was designed to study cytotoxicity of selected flavors in primary gingival keratinocytes (PGK), to acquire information on their suitability for use in dental lidocaine hy...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-10-01
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| Series: | Pharmaceuticals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/13/11/353 |
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| author | Sai H. S. Boddu Diwakar B. Tukaramrao Moawia M. Al-Tabakha Akram Ashames Rabin Neupane R. Jayachandra Babu Jwala Renukuntla Amit K. Tiwari |
| author_facet | Sai H. S. Boddu Diwakar B. Tukaramrao Moawia M. Al-Tabakha Akram Ashames Rabin Neupane R. Jayachandra Babu Jwala Renukuntla Amit K. Tiwari |
| author_sort | Sai H. S. Boddu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Aim: Anxiety and intolerance to dental local anesthetic injections are common in patients undergoing dental procedures. This work was designed to study cytotoxicity of selected flavors in primary gingival keratinocytes (PGK), to acquire information on their suitability for use in dental lidocaine hydrochloride (LID) injection. We also evaluated the bio-mimetic taste of LID dental injection in the presence of selected flavors and sweetener using an Astree electronic tongue (ETongue). Methods: The cytotoxicity of chocolate natural and artificial flavor (CTE), raspberry flavor artificial (RAS), cherry flavor (CHR), bitterness suppressor flavor (BSF) and lemon flavor extract (LFE) at various dilutions (0.16–10% <i>v</i>/<i>v</i>) was carried out in PGK using the live cell morphological analysis and MTT cell cytotoxicity assay. Based on the cytotoxicity data, CTE and RAS were added to Xylocaine<sup>®</sup> (2%) along with 0.09% sodium saccharin and taste was assessed using an ETongue. Results: After three hours of treatment, a dose-dependent cell death was induced by all flavors compared to the untreated control. BSF was found to be more toxic when compared to other flavors. CTE was found to be less toxic. The mean IC50 values of CTE, RAS, CHR, BSF and LFE in PGK were found to be 9.54, 8.43, 2.21, 0.38 and 4.01 mg/mL. Taste analysis with the ETongue showed a clear taste difference between the control and test formulations containing CTE and RAS flavors along with sodium saccharin. Conclusion: CTE and RAS flavors in combination with 0.09% sodium saccharin can achieve a significant taste-masking effect in the dental LID injection. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:14:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0a91f231834440b4affa056542d95331 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8247 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:14:30Z |
| publishDate | 2020-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceuticals |
| spelling | doaj.art-0a91f231834440b4affa056542d953312023-11-20T19:01:52ZengMDPI AGPharmaceuticals1424-82472020-10-01131135310.3390/ph13110353Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Taste-Masking Effect of Selected Flavors on Dental Lidocaine HCl InjectionSai H. S. Boddu0Diwakar B. Tukaramrao1Moawia M. Al-Tabakha2Akram Ashames3Rabin Neupane4R. Jayachandra Babu5Jwala Renukuntla6Amit K. Tiwari7Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, P.O. Box 346, Ajman, UAEDepartment of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Toledo, Health Science Campus, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH 43614, USADepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, P.O. Box 346, Ajman, UAEDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, P.O. Box 346, Ajman, UAEDepartment of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Toledo, Health Science Campus, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH 43614, USADepartment of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USADepartment of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fred Wilson School of Pharmacy, High Point University, High Point, NC 27268, USADepartment of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Toledo, Health Science Campus, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH 43614, USAAim: Anxiety and intolerance to dental local anesthetic injections are common in patients undergoing dental procedures. This work was designed to study cytotoxicity of selected flavors in primary gingival keratinocytes (PGK), to acquire information on their suitability for use in dental lidocaine hydrochloride (LID) injection. We also evaluated the bio-mimetic taste of LID dental injection in the presence of selected flavors and sweetener using an Astree electronic tongue (ETongue). Methods: The cytotoxicity of chocolate natural and artificial flavor (CTE), raspberry flavor artificial (RAS), cherry flavor (CHR), bitterness suppressor flavor (BSF) and lemon flavor extract (LFE) at various dilutions (0.16–10% <i>v</i>/<i>v</i>) was carried out in PGK using the live cell morphological analysis and MTT cell cytotoxicity assay. Based on the cytotoxicity data, CTE and RAS were added to Xylocaine<sup>®</sup> (2%) along with 0.09% sodium saccharin and taste was assessed using an ETongue. Results: After three hours of treatment, a dose-dependent cell death was induced by all flavors compared to the untreated control. BSF was found to be more toxic when compared to other flavors. CTE was found to be less toxic. The mean IC50 values of CTE, RAS, CHR, BSF and LFE in PGK were found to be 9.54, 8.43, 2.21, 0.38 and 4.01 mg/mL. Taste analysis with the ETongue showed a clear taste difference between the control and test formulations containing CTE and RAS flavors along with sodium saccharin. Conclusion: CTE and RAS flavors in combination with 0.09% sodium saccharin can achieve a significant taste-masking effect in the dental LID injection.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/13/11/353taste-maskingflavorssweetenerslidocaine HCl injectiondental anesthetics |
| spellingShingle | Sai H. S. Boddu Diwakar B. Tukaramrao Moawia M. Al-Tabakha Akram Ashames Rabin Neupane R. Jayachandra Babu Jwala Renukuntla Amit K. Tiwari Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Taste-Masking Effect of Selected Flavors on Dental Lidocaine HCl Injection Pharmaceuticals taste-masking flavors sweeteners lidocaine HCl injection dental anesthetics |
| title | Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Taste-Masking Effect of Selected Flavors on Dental Lidocaine HCl Injection |
| title_full | Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Taste-Masking Effect of Selected Flavors on Dental Lidocaine HCl Injection |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Taste-Masking Effect of Selected Flavors on Dental Lidocaine HCl Injection |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Taste-Masking Effect of Selected Flavors on Dental Lidocaine HCl Injection |
| title_short | Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Taste-Masking Effect of Selected Flavors on Dental Lidocaine HCl Injection |
| title_sort | evaluation of cytotoxicity and taste masking effect of selected flavors on dental lidocaine hcl injection |
| topic | taste-masking flavors sweeteners lidocaine HCl injection dental anesthetics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/13/11/353 |
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