Comparative Studies on the Physiological and Biochemical Responses to Salt Stress of Eggplant (<i>Solanum melongena</i>) and Its Rootstock <i>S. torvum</i>
This study investigated the physiological and biochemical responses to salinity stress of <i>Solanum melongena</i> and its wild relative, <i>Solanum torvum</i>, commonly used as eggplant rootstock. Young plants of both species were watered during 25 days with NaCl aqueous sol...
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MDPI AG
2020-08-01
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| Series: | Agriculture |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/10/8/328 |
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| author | Marco Brenes Jason Pérez Sara González-Orenga Andrea Solana Monica Boscaiu Jaime Prohens Mariola Plazas Ana Fita Oscar Vicente |
| author_facet | Marco Brenes Jason Pérez Sara González-Orenga Andrea Solana Monica Boscaiu Jaime Prohens Mariola Plazas Ana Fita Oscar Vicente |
| author_sort | Marco Brenes |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study investigated the physiological and biochemical responses to salinity stress of <i>Solanum melongena</i> and its wild relative, <i>Solanum torvum</i>, commonly used as eggplant rootstock. Young plants of both species were watered during 25 days with NaCl aqueous solutions at the following four final concentrations: 0 (for the controls), 100, 200, and 300 mM. Plant growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments content, monovalent ion concentrations in roots and leaves, leaf levels of osmolytes (proline and total soluble sugars), oxidative stress markers (MDA and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>), non-enzymatic antioxidants (total phenolic compounds and total flavonoids), and enzymatic antioxidant activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase) were determined after the stress treatments. Salt-induced growth reduction was more significant in <i>S. melongena</i> than in <i>S. torvum</i>, especially at high salt concentrations, indicating a (slightly) higher salt tolerance of the wild species. The mechanisms of tolerance of <i>S. torvum</i> were partly based on the active transport of toxic ions to the leaves at high external salinity and, presumably, a better capacity to store them in the vacuoles, as well as on the accumulation of proline to higher concentrations than in the cultivated eggplant. MDA and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> contents did not vary in response to the salt treatments in <i>S. torvum.</i> However, in <i>S. melongena</i>, MDA content increased by 78% when 300 mM NaCl was applied. No activation of antioxidant mechanisms, accumulation of antioxidant compounds, or increase in the specific activity of antioxidant enzymes in any of the studied species was induced by salinity. The relatively high salt tolerance of <i>S. torvum</i> supports its use as rootstock for eggplant cultivation in salinized soils and as a possible source of salt-tolerance genes for the genetic improvement of cultivated eggplant. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T17:59:05Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0472 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T17:59:05Z |
| publishDate | 2020-08-01 |
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| series | Agriculture |
| spelling | doaj.art-0a9741a250a6418f9bcbc210f00b07e82023-11-20T09:01:13ZengMDPI AGAgriculture2077-04722020-08-0110832810.3390/agriculture10080328Comparative Studies on the Physiological and Biochemical Responses to Salt Stress of Eggplant (<i>Solanum melongena</i>) and Its Rootstock <i>S. torvum</i>Marco Brenes0Jason Pérez1Sara González-Orenga2Andrea Solana3Monica Boscaiu4Jaime Prohens5Mariola Plazas6Ana Fita7Oscar Vicente8Institute for the Conservation and Improvement of Valencian Agrodiversity (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera 14, 46022 Valencia, SpainFaculty of Biology, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Avenida 14, calle 5, 30101 Cartago, Costa RicaMediterranean Agroforestry Institute (IAM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera 14, 46022 Valencia, SpainInstitute for the Conservation and Improvement of Valencian Agrodiversity (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera 14, 46022 Valencia, SpainMediterranean Agroforestry Institute (IAM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera 14, 46022 Valencia, SpainInstitute for the Conservation and Improvement of Valencian Agrodiversity (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera 14, 46022 Valencia, SpainInstitute for the Conservation and Improvement of Valencian Agrodiversity (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera 14, 46022 Valencia, SpainInstitute for the Conservation and Improvement of Valencian Agrodiversity (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera 14, 46022 Valencia, SpainInstitute for the Conservation and Improvement of Valencian Agrodiversity (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera 14, 46022 Valencia, SpainThis study investigated the physiological and biochemical responses to salinity stress of <i>Solanum melongena</i> and its wild relative, <i>Solanum torvum</i>, commonly used as eggplant rootstock. Young plants of both species were watered during 25 days with NaCl aqueous solutions at the following four final concentrations: 0 (for the controls), 100, 200, and 300 mM. Plant growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments content, monovalent ion concentrations in roots and leaves, leaf levels of osmolytes (proline and total soluble sugars), oxidative stress markers (MDA and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>), non-enzymatic antioxidants (total phenolic compounds and total flavonoids), and enzymatic antioxidant activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase) were determined after the stress treatments. Salt-induced growth reduction was more significant in <i>S. melongena</i> than in <i>S. torvum</i>, especially at high salt concentrations, indicating a (slightly) higher salt tolerance of the wild species. The mechanisms of tolerance of <i>S. torvum</i> were partly based on the active transport of toxic ions to the leaves at high external salinity and, presumably, a better capacity to store them in the vacuoles, as well as on the accumulation of proline to higher concentrations than in the cultivated eggplant. MDA and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> contents did not vary in response to the salt treatments in <i>S. torvum.</i> However, in <i>S. melongena</i>, MDA content increased by 78% when 300 mM NaCl was applied. No activation of antioxidant mechanisms, accumulation of antioxidant compounds, or increase in the specific activity of antioxidant enzymes in any of the studied species was induced by salinity. The relatively high salt tolerance of <i>S. torvum</i> supports its use as rootstock for eggplant cultivation in salinized soils and as a possible source of salt-tolerance genes for the genetic improvement of cultivated eggplant.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/10/8/328salt tolerancesoil salinityvegetative growthion homeostasisosmolytes |
| spellingShingle | Marco Brenes Jason Pérez Sara González-Orenga Andrea Solana Monica Boscaiu Jaime Prohens Mariola Plazas Ana Fita Oscar Vicente Comparative Studies on the Physiological and Biochemical Responses to Salt Stress of Eggplant (<i>Solanum melongena</i>) and Its Rootstock <i>S. torvum</i> Agriculture salt tolerance soil salinity vegetative growth ion homeostasis osmolytes |
| title | Comparative Studies on the Physiological and Biochemical Responses to Salt Stress of Eggplant (<i>Solanum melongena</i>) and Its Rootstock <i>S. torvum</i> |
| title_full | Comparative Studies on the Physiological and Biochemical Responses to Salt Stress of Eggplant (<i>Solanum melongena</i>) and Its Rootstock <i>S. torvum</i> |
| title_fullStr | Comparative Studies on the Physiological and Biochemical Responses to Salt Stress of Eggplant (<i>Solanum melongena</i>) and Its Rootstock <i>S. torvum</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparative Studies on the Physiological and Biochemical Responses to Salt Stress of Eggplant (<i>Solanum melongena</i>) and Its Rootstock <i>S. torvum</i> |
| title_short | Comparative Studies on the Physiological and Biochemical Responses to Salt Stress of Eggplant (<i>Solanum melongena</i>) and Its Rootstock <i>S. torvum</i> |
| title_sort | comparative studies on the physiological and biochemical responses to salt stress of eggplant i solanum melongena i and its rootstock i s torvum i |
| topic | salt tolerance soil salinity vegetative growth ion homeostasis osmolytes |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/10/8/328 |
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