Association of Anaplasma marginale strain superinfection with infection prevalence within tropical regions.
Strain superinfection occurs when a second strain infects a host already infected with and having mounted an immune response to a primary strain. The incidence of superinfection with Anaplasma marginale, a tick-borne rickettsial pathogen of domestic and wild ruminants, has been shown to be higher in...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2015-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0120748 |
| _version_ | 1819111776238698496 |
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| author | Elizabeth J Castañeda-Ortiz Massaro W Ueti Minerva Camacho-Nuez Juan J Mosqueda Michelle R Mousel Wendell C Johnson Guy H Palmer |
| author_facet | Elizabeth J Castañeda-Ortiz Massaro W Ueti Minerva Camacho-Nuez Juan J Mosqueda Michelle R Mousel Wendell C Johnson Guy H Palmer |
| author_sort | Elizabeth J Castañeda-Ortiz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Strain superinfection occurs when a second strain infects a host already infected with and having mounted an immune response to a primary strain. The incidence of superinfection with Anaplasma marginale, a tick-borne rickettsial pathogen of domestic and wild ruminants, has been shown to be higher in tropical versus temperate regions. This has been attributed to the higher prevalence of infection, with consequent immunity against primary strains and thus greater selective pressure for superinfection with antigenically distinct strains. However an alternative explanation would be the differences in the transmitting vector, Dermacentor andersoni in the studied temperate regions and Rhipicephalus microplus in the studied tropical regions. To address this question, we examined two tropical populations sharing the same vector, R. microplus, but with significantly different infection prevalence. Using two separate markers, msp1α (one allele per genome) and msp2 (multiple alleles per genome), there were higher levels of multiple strain infections in the high infection prevalence as compared to the low prevalence population. The association of higher strain diversity with infection prevalence supports the hypothesis that high levels of infection prevalence and consequent population immunity is the predominant driver of strain superinfection. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T04:02:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0a99e957e66f4c3a91d8dddfc601ab8f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T04:02:59Z |
| publishDate | 2015-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj.art-0a99e957e66f4c3a91d8dddfc601ab8f2022-12-21T18:39:41ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032015-01-01103e012074810.1371/journal.pone.0120748Association of Anaplasma marginale strain superinfection with infection prevalence within tropical regions.Elizabeth J Castañeda-OrtizMassaro W UetiMinerva Camacho-NuezJuan J MosquedaMichelle R MouselWendell C JohnsonGuy H PalmerStrain superinfection occurs when a second strain infects a host already infected with and having mounted an immune response to a primary strain. The incidence of superinfection with Anaplasma marginale, a tick-borne rickettsial pathogen of domestic and wild ruminants, has been shown to be higher in tropical versus temperate regions. This has been attributed to the higher prevalence of infection, with consequent immunity against primary strains and thus greater selective pressure for superinfection with antigenically distinct strains. However an alternative explanation would be the differences in the transmitting vector, Dermacentor andersoni in the studied temperate regions and Rhipicephalus microplus in the studied tropical regions. To address this question, we examined two tropical populations sharing the same vector, R. microplus, but with significantly different infection prevalence. Using two separate markers, msp1α (one allele per genome) and msp2 (multiple alleles per genome), there were higher levels of multiple strain infections in the high infection prevalence as compared to the low prevalence population. The association of higher strain diversity with infection prevalence supports the hypothesis that high levels of infection prevalence and consequent population immunity is the predominant driver of strain superinfection.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0120748 |
| spellingShingle | Elizabeth J Castañeda-Ortiz Massaro W Ueti Minerva Camacho-Nuez Juan J Mosqueda Michelle R Mousel Wendell C Johnson Guy H Palmer Association of Anaplasma marginale strain superinfection with infection prevalence within tropical regions. PLoS ONE |
| title | Association of Anaplasma marginale strain superinfection with infection prevalence within tropical regions. |
| title_full | Association of Anaplasma marginale strain superinfection with infection prevalence within tropical regions. |
| title_fullStr | Association of Anaplasma marginale strain superinfection with infection prevalence within tropical regions. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Association of Anaplasma marginale strain superinfection with infection prevalence within tropical regions. |
| title_short | Association of Anaplasma marginale strain superinfection with infection prevalence within tropical regions. |
| title_sort | association of anaplasma marginale strain superinfection with infection prevalence within tropical regions |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0120748 |
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