Determination of Giardia duodenalis assemblages and multi-locus genotypes in patients with sporadic giardiasis from England
Abstract Background The protozoan Giardia duodenalis is a common but highly diverse human parasite that comprises a complex of seven morphologically identical genetic assemblages, further divided into sub-assemblages. There is very little information available on the diversity of Giardia sub-assembl...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2015-09-01
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| Series: | Parasites & Vectors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-015-1059-z |
| _version_ | 1797811865178341376 |
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| author | Corrado Minetti Kenneth Lamden Caroline Durband John Cheesbrough Andrew Fox Jonathan M. Wastling |
| author_facet | Corrado Minetti Kenneth Lamden Caroline Durband John Cheesbrough Andrew Fox Jonathan M. Wastling |
| author_sort | Corrado Minetti |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background The protozoan Giardia duodenalis is a common but highly diverse human parasite that comprises a complex of seven morphologically identical genetic assemblages, further divided into sub-assemblages. There is very little information available on the diversity of Giardia sub-assemblages and multi-locus genotypes infecting people in the United Kingdom. In this study we studied the molecular epidemiology of Giardia in symptomatic patients from North West England. Methods Whole faecal DNA was extracted from the faecal samples of 406 Giardia cases and the parasites assemblage, sub-assemblage and multi-locus genotype were determined using PCR amplification, DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the beta-giardin, glutamate dehydrogenase, triose-phosphate isomerase and small-subunit ribosomal RNA genes. Information about age, gender and self-reported clinical outcomes was also collected from the patients to check for differences associated with the infecting Giardia assemblage. Results Our results showed a difference in the age prevalence of the two assemblages, with assemblage A being more common in older cases. Cases infected with assemblage B more often reported vomiting and a longer illness than cases infected with assemblage A. The majority of infections (64 %) were caused by assemblage B followed by assemblage A (33 %), while mixed-assemblage infections were rare (3 %). Assemblage A isolates mostly belonged to the sub-assemblage AII and showed completed identity with previously described isolates. The level of genetic sub-structuring was significantly higher in assemblage B isolates, since a higher proportion of novel assemblage B sequences was detected compared to assemblage A. A high number of assemblage B sequences showed heterogeneous nucleotide positions that prevented the unambiguous assignment to a specific sub-assemblage. Both previously described and novel multi-locus genotypes were described in both assemblages, and up to 17 different assemblage B multi-locus genotypes were found. Conclusions We have produced the first data on the parasite multi-locus genotypes in the UK and have demonstrated that the molecular diversity of Giardia is similar to other developed countries. Furthermore, we showed that the parasite assemblages infecting humans may be associated with patients of different ages and with different clinical outcomes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T07:30:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0aa2acb0e0ff45979bf71397550be85c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1756-3305 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T07:30:06Z |
| publishDate | 2015-09-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Parasites & Vectors |
| spelling | doaj.art-0aa2acb0e0ff45979bf71397550be85c2023-06-04T11:09:36ZengBMCParasites & Vectors1756-33052015-09-018111010.1186/s13071-015-1059-zDetermination of Giardia duodenalis assemblages and multi-locus genotypes in patients with sporadic giardiasis from EnglandCorrado Minetti0Kenneth Lamden1Caroline Durband2John Cheesbrough3Andrew Fox4Jonathan M. Wastling5Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of LiverpoolPublic Health England Centre Cumbria and LancashireLancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustPublic Health England Food Water and Environmental Microbiology LaboratoryFaculty of Natural Sciences, Keele UniversityAbstract Background The protozoan Giardia duodenalis is a common but highly diverse human parasite that comprises a complex of seven morphologically identical genetic assemblages, further divided into sub-assemblages. There is very little information available on the diversity of Giardia sub-assemblages and multi-locus genotypes infecting people in the United Kingdom. In this study we studied the molecular epidemiology of Giardia in symptomatic patients from North West England. Methods Whole faecal DNA was extracted from the faecal samples of 406 Giardia cases and the parasites assemblage, sub-assemblage and multi-locus genotype were determined using PCR amplification, DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the beta-giardin, glutamate dehydrogenase, triose-phosphate isomerase and small-subunit ribosomal RNA genes. Information about age, gender and self-reported clinical outcomes was also collected from the patients to check for differences associated with the infecting Giardia assemblage. Results Our results showed a difference in the age prevalence of the two assemblages, with assemblage A being more common in older cases. Cases infected with assemblage B more often reported vomiting and a longer illness than cases infected with assemblage A. The majority of infections (64 %) were caused by assemblage B followed by assemblage A (33 %), while mixed-assemblage infections were rare (3 %). Assemblage A isolates mostly belonged to the sub-assemblage AII and showed completed identity with previously described isolates. The level of genetic sub-structuring was significantly higher in assemblage B isolates, since a higher proportion of novel assemblage B sequences was detected compared to assemblage A. A high number of assemblage B sequences showed heterogeneous nucleotide positions that prevented the unambiguous assignment to a specific sub-assemblage. Both previously described and novel multi-locus genotypes were described in both assemblages, and up to 17 different assemblage B multi-locus genotypes were found. Conclusions We have produced the first data on the parasite multi-locus genotypes in the UK and have demonstrated that the molecular diversity of Giardia is similar to other developed countries. Furthermore, we showed that the parasite assemblages infecting humans may be associated with patients of different ages and with different clinical outcomes.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-015-1059-zGiardiasisGiardia duodenalisAssemblageGenotypingMulti-locus genotypeMLG |
| spellingShingle | Corrado Minetti Kenneth Lamden Caroline Durband John Cheesbrough Andrew Fox Jonathan M. Wastling Determination of Giardia duodenalis assemblages and multi-locus genotypes in patients with sporadic giardiasis from England Parasites & Vectors Giardiasis Giardia duodenalis Assemblage Genotyping Multi-locus genotype MLG |
| title | Determination of Giardia duodenalis assemblages and multi-locus genotypes in patients with sporadic giardiasis from England |
| title_full | Determination of Giardia duodenalis assemblages and multi-locus genotypes in patients with sporadic giardiasis from England |
| title_fullStr | Determination of Giardia duodenalis assemblages and multi-locus genotypes in patients with sporadic giardiasis from England |
| title_full_unstemmed | Determination of Giardia duodenalis assemblages and multi-locus genotypes in patients with sporadic giardiasis from England |
| title_short | Determination of Giardia duodenalis assemblages and multi-locus genotypes in patients with sporadic giardiasis from England |
| title_sort | determination of giardia duodenalis assemblages and multi locus genotypes in patients with sporadic giardiasis from england |
| topic | Giardiasis Giardia duodenalis Assemblage Genotyping Multi-locus genotype MLG |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-015-1059-z |
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