Segmentation of Rat Brains and Cerebral Hemispheres in Triphenyltetrazolium Chloride-Stained Images after Stroke
Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death among the aged population in the world. Experimental stroke models with rodents play a fundamental role in the investigation of the mechanism and impairment of cerebral ischemia. For its celerity and veracity, the 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chlor...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/21/7171 |
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| author | Herng-Hua Chang Shin-Joe Yeh Ming-Chang Chiang Sung-Tsang Hsieh |
| author_facet | Herng-Hua Chang Shin-Joe Yeh Ming-Chang Chiang Sung-Tsang Hsieh |
| author_sort | Herng-Hua Chang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death among the aged population in the world. Experimental stroke models with rodents play a fundamental role in the investigation of the mechanism and impairment of cerebral ischemia. For its celerity and veracity, the 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining of rat brains has been extensively adopted to visualize the infarction, which is subsequently photographed for further processing. Two important tasks are to segment the brain regions and to compute the midline that separates the brain. This paper investigates automatic brain extraction and hemisphere segmentation algorithms in camera-based TTC-stained rat images. For rat brain extraction, a saliency region detection scheme on a superpixel image is exploited to extract the brain regions from the raw complicated image. Subsequently, the initial brain slices are refined using a parametric deformable model associated with color image transformation. For rat hemisphere segmentation, open curve evolution guided by the gradient vector flow in a medial subimage is developed to compute the midline. A wide variety of TTC-stained rat brain images captured by a smartphone were produced and utilized to evaluate the proposed segmentation frameworks. Experimental results on the segmentation of rat brains and cerebral hemispheres indicated that the developed schemes achieved high accuracy with average Dice scores of 92.33% and 97.15%, respectively. The established segmentation algorithms are believed to be potential and beneficial to facilitate experimental stroke study with TTC-stained rat brain images. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:52:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0aa985ddab0f4a97a23a1338e38be9c5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:52:33Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-0aa985ddab0f4a97a23a1338e38be9c52023-11-22T21:37:40ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202021-10-012121717110.3390/s21217171Segmentation of Rat Brains and Cerebral Hemispheres in Triphenyltetrazolium Chloride-Stained Images after StrokeHerng-Hua Chang0Shin-Joe Yeh1Ming-Chang Chiang2Sung-Tsang Hsieh3Department of Engineering Science and Ocean Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, TaiwanGraduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, TaiwanDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, TaiwanGraduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, TaiwanIschemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death among the aged population in the world. Experimental stroke models with rodents play a fundamental role in the investigation of the mechanism and impairment of cerebral ischemia. For its celerity and veracity, the 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining of rat brains has been extensively adopted to visualize the infarction, which is subsequently photographed for further processing. Two important tasks are to segment the brain regions and to compute the midline that separates the brain. This paper investigates automatic brain extraction and hemisphere segmentation algorithms in camera-based TTC-stained rat images. For rat brain extraction, a saliency region detection scheme on a superpixel image is exploited to extract the brain regions from the raw complicated image. Subsequently, the initial brain slices are refined using a parametric deformable model associated with color image transformation. For rat hemisphere segmentation, open curve evolution guided by the gradient vector flow in a medial subimage is developed to compute the midline. A wide variety of TTC-stained rat brain images captured by a smartphone were produced and utilized to evaluate the proposed segmentation frameworks. Experimental results on the segmentation of rat brains and cerebral hemispheres indicated that the developed schemes achieved high accuracy with average Dice scores of 92.33% and 97.15%, respectively. The established segmentation algorithms are believed to be potential and beneficial to facilitate experimental stroke study with TTC-stained rat brain images.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/21/7171image segmentationbrain extractionhemisphere segmentationsuperpixelsaliency mapparametric deformable model |
| spellingShingle | Herng-Hua Chang Shin-Joe Yeh Ming-Chang Chiang Sung-Tsang Hsieh Segmentation of Rat Brains and Cerebral Hemispheres in Triphenyltetrazolium Chloride-Stained Images after Stroke Sensors image segmentation brain extraction hemisphere segmentation superpixel saliency map parametric deformable model |
| title | Segmentation of Rat Brains and Cerebral Hemispheres in Triphenyltetrazolium Chloride-Stained Images after Stroke |
| title_full | Segmentation of Rat Brains and Cerebral Hemispheres in Triphenyltetrazolium Chloride-Stained Images after Stroke |
| title_fullStr | Segmentation of Rat Brains and Cerebral Hemispheres in Triphenyltetrazolium Chloride-Stained Images after Stroke |
| title_full_unstemmed | Segmentation of Rat Brains and Cerebral Hemispheres in Triphenyltetrazolium Chloride-Stained Images after Stroke |
| title_short | Segmentation of Rat Brains and Cerebral Hemispheres in Triphenyltetrazolium Chloride-Stained Images after Stroke |
| title_sort | segmentation of rat brains and cerebral hemispheres in triphenyltetrazolium chloride stained images after stroke |
| topic | image segmentation brain extraction hemisphere segmentation superpixel saliency map parametric deformable model |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/21/7171 |
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