Filling the Void: An Optimized Polymicrobial Interkingdom Biofilm Model for Assessing Novel Antimicrobial Agents in Endodontic Infection
There is a growing realization that endodontic infections are often polymicrobial, and may contain <i>Candida</i> spp. Despite this understanding, the development of new endodontic irrigants and models of pathogenesis remains limited to mono-species biofilm models and is bacterially focu...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/8/12/1988 |
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| author | Sumaya Abusrewil Jason L. Brown Christopher D. Delaney Mark C. Butcher Ryan Kean Dalia Gamal J. Alun Scott William McLean Gordon Ramage |
| author_facet | Sumaya Abusrewil Jason L. Brown Christopher D. Delaney Mark C. Butcher Ryan Kean Dalia Gamal J. Alun Scott William McLean Gordon Ramage |
| author_sort | Sumaya Abusrewil |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | There is a growing realization that endodontic infections are often polymicrobial, and may contain <i>Candida</i> spp. Despite this understanding, the development of new endodontic irrigants and models of pathogenesis remains limited to mono-species biofilm models and is bacterially focused. The purpose of this study was to develop and optimize an interkingdom biofilm model of endodontic infection and use this to test suitable anti-biofilm actives. Biofilms containing <i>Streptococcus gordonii, Fusobacterium nucleatum</i>, <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>, and <i>Candida albicans</i> were established from ontological analysis. Biofilms were optimized in different media and atmospheric conditions, prior to quantification and imaging, and subsequently treated with chlorhexidine, EDTA, and chitosan. These studies demonstrated that either media supplemented with serum were equally optimal for biofilm growth, which were dominated by <i>S. gordonii</i>, followed by <i>C. albicans</i>. Assessment of antimicrobial activity showed significant effectiveness of each antimicrobial, irrespective of serum. Chitosan was most effective (3 log reduction), and preferentially targeted <i>C. albicans</i> in both biofilm treatment and inhibition models. Chitosan was similarly effective at preventing biofilm growth on a dentine substrate. This study has shown that a reproducible and robust complex interkingdom model, which when tested with the antifungal chitosan, supports the notion of <i>C. albicans</i> as a key structural component. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:05:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0aaf6db45d67459782151c73a26ba388 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:05:33Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-0aaf6db45d67459782151c73a26ba3882023-11-21T00:41:17ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072020-12-01812198810.3390/microorganisms8121988Filling the Void: An Optimized Polymicrobial Interkingdom Biofilm Model for Assessing Novel Antimicrobial Agents in Endodontic InfectionSumaya Abusrewil0Jason L. Brown1Christopher D. Delaney2Mark C. Butcher3Ryan Kean4Dalia Gamal5J. Alun Scott6William McLean7Gordon Ramage8Glasgow Endodontics & Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow University, Glasgow G2 3JZ, UKGlasgow Endodontics & Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow University, Glasgow G2 3JZ, UKGlasgow Endodontics & Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow University, Glasgow G2 3JZ, UKGlasgow Endodontics & Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow University, Glasgow G2 3JZ, UKDepartment of Biological Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow G4 0BA, UKGlasgow Endodontics & Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow University, Glasgow G2 3JZ, UKGlasgow Endodontics & Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow University, Glasgow G2 3JZ, UKGlasgow Endodontics & Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow University, Glasgow G2 3JZ, UKGlasgow Endodontics & Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow University, Glasgow G2 3JZ, UKThere is a growing realization that endodontic infections are often polymicrobial, and may contain <i>Candida</i> spp. Despite this understanding, the development of new endodontic irrigants and models of pathogenesis remains limited to mono-species biofilm models and is bacterially focused. The purpose of this study was to develop and optimize an interkingdom biofilm model of endodontic infection and use this to test suitable anti-biofilm actives. Biofilms containing <i>Streptococcus gordonii, Fusobacterium nucleatum</i>, <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>, and <i>Candida albicans</i> were established from ontological analysis. Biofilms were optimized in different media and atmospheric conditions, prior to quantification and imaging, and subsequently treated with chlorhexidine, EDTA, and chitosan. These studies demonstrated that either media supplemented with serum were equally optimal for biofilm growth, which were dominated by <i>S. gordonii</i>, followed by <i>C. albicans</i>. Assessment of antimicrobial activity showed significant effectiveness of each antimicrobial, irrespective of serum. Chitosan was most effective (3 log reduction), and preferentially targeted <i>C. albicans</i> in both biofilm treatment and inhibition models. Chitosan was similarly effective at preventing biofilm growth on a dentine substrate. This study has shown that a reproducible and robust complex interkingdom model, which when tested with the antifungal chitosan, supports the notion of <i>C. albicans</i> as a key structural component.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/8/12/1988endodonticbiofilminterkingdomchitosan |
| spellingShingle | Sumaya Abusrewil Jason L. Brown Christopher D. Delaney Mark C. Butcher Ryan Kean Dalia Gamal J. Alun Scott William McLean Gordon Ramage Filling the Void: An Optimized Polymicrobial Interkingdom Biofilm Model for Assessing Novel Antimicrobial Agents in Endodontic Infection Microorganisms endodontic biofilm interkingdom chitosan |
| title | Filling the Void: An Optimized Polymicrobial Interkingdom Biofilm Model for Assessing Novel Antimicrobial Agents in Endodontic Infection |
| title_full | Filling the Void: An Optimized Polymicrobial Interkingdom Biofilm Model for Assessing Novel Antimicrobial Agents in Endodontic Infection |
| title_fullStr | Filling the Void: An Optimized Polymicrobial Interkingdom Biofilm Model for Assessing Novel Antimicrobial Agents in Endodontic Infection |
| title_full_unstemmed | Filling the Void: An Optimized Polymicrobial Interkingdom Biofilm Model for Assessing Novel Antimicrobial Agents in Endodontic Infection |
| title_short | Filling the Void: An Optimized Polymicrobial Interkingdom Biofilm Model for Assessing Novel Antimicrobial Agents in Endodontic Infection |
| title_sort | filling the void an optimized polymicrobial interkingdom biofilm model for assessing novel antimicrobial agents in endodontic infection |
| topic | endodontic biofilm interkingdom chitosan |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/8/12/1988 |
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