Summer Changes in Water Mass Characteristics and Vertical Thermohaline Structure in the Eastern Chukchi Sea, 1974–2017
Hydrographic data from the World Ocean Database 2013 and the Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition were used to investigate the summertime changes in the eastern Chukchi Sea from 1974 to 2017. Owing to the Pacific inflow and timing of the sea ice retreat, water masses and vertical thermohaline...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2020-05-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/12/5/1434 |
| _version_ | 1797567655970865152 |
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| author | Yayu Yang Xuezhi Bai |
| author_facet | Yayu Yang Xuezhi Bai |
| author_sort | Yayu Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Hydrographic data from the World Ocean Database 2013 and the Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition were used to investigate the summertime changes in the eastern Chukchi Sea from 1974 to 2017. Owing to the Pacific inflow and timing of the sea ice retreat, water masses and vertical thermohaline structures in the eastern Chukchi Sea have changed but with regional differences. The entire eastern Chukchi Sea warmed up with significant temperature increase in the central shelf; however, the surface and bottom salinity in the southern, central, and northern shelves exhibited different trends. The northward extension of the Pacific Summer Water after 1997 influenced the summer hydrography significantly. Moreover, the data reveal changes in the characteristics of various water masses. Both Bering Summer Water (BSW) and Pacific Winter Water in the deeper layer became saltier, whereas the Alaskan Coastal Water in the upper layer became fresher after 1997. The previous definition of the BSW should be modified to include the warming water mass in the southern Chukchi Sea in the more recent years. Furthermore, the vertical thermohaline structure over the Chukchi shelves experienced considerable changes in its characteristics due to the combined effects of the Pacific inflow and surface forcing. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:45:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0ab156d3d98140948de2db44cd4d10a3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:45:21Z |
| publishDate | 2020-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-0ab156d3d98140948de2db44cd4d10a32023-11-20T00:50:09ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412020-05-01125143410.3390/w12051434Summer Changes in Water Mass Characteristics and Vertical Thermohaline Structure in the Eastern Chukchi Sea, 1974–2017Yayu Yang0Xuezhi Bai1College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, ChinaCollege of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, ChinaHydrographic data from the World Ocean Database 2013 and the Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition were used to investigate the summertime changes in the eastern Chukchi Sea from 1974 to 2017. Owing to the Pacific inflow and timing of the sea ice retreat, water masses and vertical thermohaline structures in the eastern Chukchi Sea have changed but with regional differences. The entire eastern Chukchi Sea warmed up with significant temperature increase in the central shelf; however, the surface and bottom salinity in the southern, central, and northern shelves exhibited different trends. The northward extension of the Pacific Summer Water after 1997 influenced the summer hydrography significantly. Moreover, the data reveal changes in the characteristics of various water masses. Both Bering Summer Water (BSW) and Pacific Winter Water in the deeper layer became saltier, whereas the Alaskan Coastal Water in the upper layer became fresher after 1997. The previous definition of the BSW should be modified to include the warming water mass in the southern Chukchi Sea in the more recent years. Furthermore, the vertical thermohaline structure over the Chukchi shelves experienced considerable changes in its characteristics due to the combined effects of the Pacific inflow and surface forcing.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/12/5/1434Chukchi Seatemperaturesalinitywater massvertical thermohaline structure |
| spellingShingle | Yayu Yang Xuezhi Bai Summer Changes in Water Mass Characteristics and Vertical Thermohaline Structure in the Eastern Chukchi Sea, 1974–2017 Water Chukchi Sea temperature salinity water mass vertical thermohaline structure |
| title | Summer Changes in Water Mass Characteristics and Vertical Thermohaline Structure in the Eastern Chukchi Sea, 1974–2017 |
| title_full | Summer Changes in Water Mass Characteristics and Vertical Thermohaline Structure in the Eastern Chukchi Sea, 1974–2017 |
| title_fullStr | Summer Changes in Water Mass Characteristics and Vertical Thermohaline Structure in the Eastern Chukchi Sea, 1974–2017 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Summer Changes in Water Mass Characteristics and Vertical Thermohaline Structure in the Eastern Chukchi Sea, 1974–2017 |
| title_short | Summer Changes in Water Mass Characteristics and Vertical Thermohaline Structure in the Eastern Chukchi Sea, 1974–2017 |
| title_sort | summer changes in water mass characteristics and vertical thermohaline structure in the eastern chukchi sea 1974 2017 |
| topic | Chukchi Sea temperature salinity water mass vertical thermohaline structure |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/12/5/1434 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yayuyang summerchangesinwatermasscharacteristicsandverticalthermohalinestructureintheeasternchukchisea19742017 AT xuezhibai summerchangesinwatermasscharacteristicsandverticalthermohalinestructureintheeasternchukchisea19742017 |