Flatfoot in Africa, the cirripede Chthamalus in the west Indian Ocean
Barnacles of the genus Chthamalus are commonly encountered rocky intertidal shores. The phylogeography of the different species in the Western Indian Ocean is unclear. Using morphological characteristics as well as the molecular markers mitochondrial cytochrome oxygenase subunit I (COI) and the nucl...
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| Format: | Article |
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PeerJ Inc.
2021-07-01
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| author | Noa Simon-Blecher Avi Jacob Oren Levy Lior Appelbaum Shiran Elbaz-Ifrah Yair Achituv |
| author_facet | Noa Simon-Blecher Avi Jacob Oren Levy Lior Appelbaum Shiran Elbaz-Ifrah Yair Achituv |
| author_sort | Noa Simon-Blecher |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Barnacles of the genus Chthamalus are commonly encountered rocky intertidal shores. The phylogeography of the different species in the Western Indian Ocean is unclear. Using morphological characteristics as well as the molecular markers mitochondrial cytochrome oxygenase subunit I (COI) and the nuclear sodium-potassium ATPase (NaKA), we identified four clades representing four species in the Western Indian Ocean and its adjacent seas. Among these species, a newly identified species, Chthamalus barilani, which was found in Madagascar, Zanzibar and Tanzania. Chthamalus from the coasts of Tanzania and Zanzibar is identified morphologically as C. malayensis, and clusters with C. malayensis from the Western Pacific and the Indo Malayan regions. C. malayensis is regarded as a group of four genetically differentiated clades representing four cryptic species. The newly identified African clade is genetically different from these clades and the pairwise distances between them justify the conclusion that it is an additional cryptic species of C. malayensis. This type of genetic analyses offers an advantage over morphological characterization and allowed us to reveal that another species, C. barnesi, which is known from the Red Sea, is also distributed in the Arabian Sea and the Persian Gulf. We could also confirm the presence of the South African species C. dentatus in the Mozambique channel. This represents the Northeastern limit of C. dentatus, which is usually distributed along the coast of southern Africa up to the Islands of Cape Verde in West Africa. Altogether, based on a combination of morphology and genetics, we distinct between four clusters of Chthamalus, and designate their distribution in the West Indian Ocean. These distinctions do not agree with the traditional four groups reported previously based merely on morphological data. Furthermore, these findings underline the importance of a combining morphological and genetics tools for constructing barnacle taxonomy. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:58:44Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2167-8359 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:58:44Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | PeerJ Inc. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PeerJ |
| spelling | doaj.art-0aba44f41b904268bd665900759fabf22023-12-03T09:57:26ZengPeerJ Inc.PeerJ2167-83592021-07-019e1171010.7717/peerj.11710Flatfoot in Africa, the cirripede Chthamalus in the west Indian OceanNoa Simon-Blecher0Avi Jacob1Oren Levy2Lior Appelbaum3Shiran Elbaz-Ifrah4Yair Achituv5The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, IsraelThe Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, IsraelThe Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, IsraelThe Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, IsraelThe Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, IsraelThe Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, IsraelBarnacles of the genus Chthamalus are commonly encountered rocky intertidal shores. The phylogeography of the different species in the Western Indian Ocean is unclear. Using morphological characteristics as well as the molecular markers mitochondrial cytochrome oxygenase subunit I (COI) and the nuclear sodium-potassium ATPase (NaKA), we identified four clades representing four species in the Western Indian Ocean and its adjacent seas. Among these species, a newly identified species, Chthamalus barilani, which was found in Madagascar, Zanzibar and Tanzania. Chthamalus from the coasts of Tanzania and Zanzibar is identified morphologically as C. malayensis, and clusters with C. malayensis from the Western Pacific and the Indo Malayan regions. C. malayensis is regarded as a group of four genetically differentiated clades representing four cryptic species. The newly identified African clade is genetically different from these clades and the pairwise distances between them justify the conclusion that it is an additional cryptic species of C. malayensis. This type of genetic analyses offers an advantage over morphological characterization and allowed us to reveal that another species, C. barnesi, which is known from the Red Sea, is also distributed in the Arabian Sea and the Persian Gulf. We could also confirm the presence of the South African species C. dentatus in the Mozambique channel. This represents the Northeastern limit of C. dentatus, which is usually distributed along the coast of southern Africa up to the Islands of Cape Verde in West Africa. Altogether, based on a combination of morphology and genetics, we distinct between four clusters of Chthamalus, and designate their distribution in the West Indian Ocean. These distinctions do not agree with the traditional four groups reported previously based merely on morphological data. Furthermore, these findings underline the importance of a combining morphological and genetics tools for constructing barnacle taxonomy.https://peerj.com/articles/11710.pdfBarnaclesCirripediaCOICryptic speciesMadagascarNaKA |
| spellingShingle | Noa Simon-Blecher Avi Jacob Oren Levy Lior Appelbaum Shiran Elbaz-Ifrah Yair Achituv Flatfoot in Africa, the cirripede Chthamalus in the west Indian Ocean PeerJ Barnacles Cirripedia COI Cryptic species Madagascar NaKA |
| title | Flatfoot in Africa, the cirripede Chthamalus in the west Indian Ocean |
| title_full | Flatfoot in Africa, the cirripede Chthamalus in the west Indian Ocean |
| title_fullStr | Flatfoot in Africa, the cirripede Chthamalus in the west Indian Ocean |
| title_full_unstemmed | Flatfoot in Africa, the cirripede Chthamalus in the west Indian Ocean |
| title_short | Flatfoot in Africa, the cirripede Chthamalus in the west Indian Ocean |
| title_sort | flatfoot in africa the cirripede chthamalus in the west indian ocean |
| topic | Barnacles Cirripedia COI Cryptic species Madagascar NaKA |
| url | https://peerj.com/articles/11710.pdf |
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