Anti-<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Vaccines and Therapies: An Assessment of Clinical Trials
<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen that causes high morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF) and immunocompromised patients, including patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), severely burned patients, and patients with surgical wou...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/4/916 |
| _version_ | 1797604216255021056 |
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| author | Moamen M. Elmassry Jane A. Colmer-Hamood Jonathan Kopel Michael J. San Francisco Abdul N. Hamood |
| author_facet | Moamen M. Elmassry Jane A. Colmer-Hamood Jonathan Kopel Michael J. San Francisco Abdul N. Hamood |
| author_sort | Moamen M. Elmassry |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen that causes high morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF) and immunocompromised patients, including patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), severely burned patients, and patients with surgical wounds. Due to the intrinsic and extrinsic antibiotic resistance mechanisms, the ability to produce several cell-associated and extracellular virulence factors, and the capacity to adapt to several environmental conditions, eradicating <i>P. aeruginosa</i> within infected patients is difficult. <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> is one of the six multi-drug-resistant pathogens (ESKAPE) considered by the World Health Organization (WHO) as an entire group for which the development of novel antibiotics is urgently needed. In the United States (US) and within the last several years, <i>P. aeruginosa</i> caused 27% of deaths and approximately USD 767 million annually in health-care costs. Several <i>P. aeruginosa</i> therapies, including new antimicrobial agents, derivatives of existing antibiotics, novel antimicrobial agents such as bacteriophages and their chelators, potential vaccines targeting specific virulence factors, and immunotherapies have been developed. Within the last 2–3 decades, the efficacy of these different treatments was tested in clinical and preclinical trials. Despite these trials, no <i>P. aeruginosa</i> treatment is currently approved or available. In this review, we examined several of these clinicals, specifically those designed to combat <i>P. aeruginosa</i> infections in CF patients, patients with <i>P. aeruginosa</i> VAP, and <i>P. aeruginosa</i>–infected burn patients. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:43:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0abb2e5cdaad4bc28319aa491623f57d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:43:11Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-0abb2e5cdaad4bc28319aa491623f57d2023-11-17T20:32:22ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072023-03-0111491610.3390/microorganisms11040916Anti-<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Vaccines and Therapies: An Assessment of Clinical TrialsMoamen M. Elmassry0Jane A. Colmer-Hamood1Jonathan Kopel2Michael J. San Francisco3Abdul N. Hamood4Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USADepartment of Medical Education, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USADepartment of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USADepartment of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USADepartment of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen that causes high morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF) and immunocompromised patients, including patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), severely burned patients, and patients with surgical wounds. Due to the intrinsic and extrinsic antibiotic resistance mechanisms, the ability to produce several cell-associated and extracellular virulence factors, and the capacity to adapt to several environmental conditions, eradicating <i>P. aeruginosa</i> within infected patients is difficult. <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> is one of the six multi-drug-resistant pathogens (ESKAPE) considered by the World Health Organization (WHO) as an entire group for which the development of novel antibiotics is urgently needed. In the United States (US) and within the last several years, <i>P. aeruginosa</i> caused 27% of deaths and approximately USD 767 million annually in health-care costs. Several <i>P. aeruginosa</i> therapies, including new antimicrobial agents, derivatives of existing antibiotics, novel antimicrobial agents such as bacteriophages and their chelators, potential vaccines targeting specific virulence factors, and immunotherapies have been developed. Within the last 2–3 decades, the efficacy of these different treatments was tested in clinical and preclinical trials. Despite these trials, no <i>P. aeruginosa</i> treatment is currently approved or available. In this review, we examined several of these clinicals, specifically those designed to combat <i>P. aeruginosa</i> infections in CF patients, patients with <i>P. aeruginosa</i> VAP, and <i>P. aeruginosa</i>–infected burn patients.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/4/916ventilator-associated pneumoniaclinical trialsvaccinescystic fibrosischronic lung infectionantibiotics |
| spellingShingle | Moamen M. Elmassry Jane A. Colmer-Hamood Jonathan Kopel Michael J. San Francisco Abdul N. Hamood Anti-<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Vaccines and Therapies: An Assessment of Clinical Trials Microorganisms ventilator-associated pneumonia clinical trials vaccines cystic fibrosis chronic lung infection antibiotics |
| title | Anti-<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Vaccines and Therapies: An Assessment of Clinical Trials |
| title_full | Anti-<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Vaccines and Therapies: An Assessment of Clinical Trials |
| title_fullStr | Anti-<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Vaccines and Therapies: An Assessment of Clinical Trials |
| title_full_unstemmed | Anti-<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Vaccines and Therapies: An Assessment of Clinical Trials |
| title_short | Anti-<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Vaccines and Therapies: An Assessment of Clinical Trials |
| title_sort | anti i pseudomonas aeruginosa i vaccines and therapies an assessment of clinical trials |
| topic | ventilator-associated pneumonia clinical trials vaccines cystic fibrosis chronic lung infection antibiotics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/4/916 |
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