Exploiting Potential Biotechnological Applications of Poly-γ-glutamic Acid Low Molecular Weight Fractions Obtained by Membrane-Based Ultra-Filtration
Since the potentialities of applications of low molecular weight poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) chains have been so far only partially explored, the separation of diverse molecular families of them, as well as their characterization for potential bioactivity and ability to form films, were investigate...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/6/1190 |
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| author | Odile Francesca Restaino Sondos Hejazi Domenico Zannini Concetta Valeria Lucia Giosafatto Prospero Di Pierro Elisabetta Cassese Sergio D’ambrosio Gabriella Santagata Chiara Schiraldi Raffaele Porta |
| author_facet | Odile Francesca Restaino Sondos Hejazi Domenico Zannini Concetta Valeria Lucia Giosafatto Prospero Di Pierro Elisabetta Cassese Sergio D’ambrosio Gabriella Santagata Chiara Schiraldi Raffaele Porta |
| author_sort | Odile Francesca Restaino |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Since the potentialities of applications of low molecular weight poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) chains have been so far only partially explored, the separation of diverse molecular families of them, as well as their characterization for potential bioactivity and ability to form films, were investigated. Two different approaches based on organic solvent precipitation or on ultra- and nano-filtration membrane-based purification of inexpensive commercial material were employed to obtain size-specific γ-PGA fractions, further characterized by size exclusion chromatography equipped with a triple detector array and by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography to assess their average molecular weight and their concentration. The γ-PGA low molecular weight fractions, purified by ultra-filtration, have been shown both to counteract the desiccation and the oxidative stress of keratinocyte monolayers. In addition, they were exploited to prepare novel hydrocolloid films by both solvent casting and thermal compression, in the presence of different concentrations of glycerol used as plasticizer. These biomaterials were characterized for their hydrophilicity, thermal and mechanical properties. The hot compression led to the attainment of less resistant but more extensible films. However, in all cases, an increase in elongation at break as a function of the glycerol content was observed. Besides, the thermal analyses of hot compressed materials demonstrated that thermal stability was increased with higher γ-PGA distribution po-lymer fractions. The obtained biomaterials might be potentially useful for applications in cosmetics and as vehicle of active molecules in the pharmaceutical field. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:52:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0abe068535624fc88397959278075a52 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:52:33Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-0abe068535624fc88397959278075a522023-11-30T22:03:48ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602022-03-01146119010.3390/polym14061190Exploiting Potential Biotechnological Applications of Poly-γ-glutamic Acid Low Molecular Weight Fractions Obtained by Membrane-Based Ultra-FiltrationOdile Francesca Restaino0Sondos Hejazi1Domenico Zannini2Concetta Valeria Lucia Giosafatto3Prospero Di Pierro4Elisabetta Cassese5Sergio D’ambrosio6Gabriella Santagata7Chiara Schiraldi8Raffaele Porta9Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80126 Naples, ItalyInstitute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Council of Research, 80078 Pozzuoli, ItalyDepartment of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80126 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Agriculture, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80055 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, ItalyInstitute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Council of Research, 80078 Pozzuoli, ItalyDepartment of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80126 Naples, ItalySince the potentialities of applications of low molecular weight poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) chains have been so far only partially explored, the separation of diverse molecular families of them, as well as their characterization for potential bioactivity and ability to form films, were investigated. Two different approaches based on organic solvent precipitation or on ultra- and nano-filtration membrane-based purification of inexpensive commercial material were employed to obtain size-specific γ-PGA fractions, further characterized by size exclusion chromatography equipped with a triple detector array and by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography to assess their average molecular weight and their concentration. The γ-PGA low molecular weight fractions, purified by ultra-filtration, have been shown both to counteract the desiccation and the oxidative stress of keratinocyte monolayers. In addition, they were exploited to prepare novel hydrocolloid films by both solvent casting and thermal compression, in the presence of different concentrations of glycerol used as plasticizer. These biomaterials were characterized for their hydrophilicity, thermal and mechanical properties. The hot compression led to the attainment of less resistant but more extensible films. However, in all cases, an increase in elongation at break as a function of the glycerol content was observed. Besides, the thermal analyses of hot compressed materials demonstrated that thermal stability was increased with higher γ-PGA distribution po-lymer fractions. The obtained biomaterials might be potentially useful for applications in cosmetics and as vehicle of active molecules in the pharmaceutical field.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/6/1190poly-γ-glutamic acidkeratinocyte monolayersoxidative stressbio-based materialshydrocolloid films |
| spellingShingle | Odile Francesca Restaino Sondos Hejazi Domenico Zannini Concetta Valeria Lucia Giosafatto Prospero Di Pierro Elisabetta Cassese Sergio D’ambrosio Gabriella Santagata Chiara Schiraldi Raffaele Porta Exploiting Potential Biotechnological Applications of Poly-γ-glutamic Acid Low Molecular Weight Fractions Obtained by Membrane-Based Ultra-Filtration Polymers poly-γ-glutamic acid keratinocyte monolayers oxidative stress bio-based materials hydrocolloid films |
| title | Exploiting Potential Biotechnological Applications of Poly-γ-glutamic Acid Low Molecular Weight Fractions Obtained by Membrane-Based Ultra-Filtration |
| title_full | Exploiting Potential Biotechnological Applications of Poly-γ-glutamic Acid Low Molecular Weight Fractions Obtained by Membrane-Based Ultra-Filtration |
| title_fullStr | Exploiting Potential Biotechnological Applications of Poly-γ-glutamic Acid Low Molecular Weight Fractions Obtained by Membrane-Based Ultra-Filtration |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exploiting Potential Biotechnological Applications of Poly-γ-glutamic Acid Low Molecular Weight Fractions Obtained by Membrane-Based Ultra-Filtration |
| title_short | Exploiting Potential Biotechnological Applications of Poly-γ-glutamic Acid Low Molecular Weight Fractions Obtained by Membrane-Based Ultra-Filtration |
| title_sort | exploiting potential biotechnological applications of poly γ glutamic acid low molecular weight fractions obtained by membrane based ultra filtration |
| topic | poly-γ-glutamic acid keratinocyte monolayers oxidative stress bio-based materials hydrocolloid films |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/6/1190 |
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