| Summary: | Abstract Background In this study, relationships between clinicopathologic characteristics and progression‐free survival (PFS) of patients after thymomectomy were analyzed to provide valuable suggestions regarding the treatment of thymoma. Methods Data from 187 thymoma patients undergoing surgery at Beijing Tongren Hospital between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2015, were retrospectively reviewed. We explored the risk factors for PFS among sex, age, thymoma‐associated MG, completeness of resection, histologic type and TNM stage, and investigated their interrelationship. Results Among the 187 patients, 18 patients (9.63%) had tumor recurrence/metastasis, and all of whom had in situ recurrence or pleural metastasis, and most of them (10 of 18 patients) had MG symptoms that reappeared or were aggravated. Fifteen patients (8.02%) died, and myasthenic crisis was a leading cause. Based on Cox regression analysis, only age (HR = 3.16; 95% CI: 1.44–6.91; p = 0.004) and the completeness of resection (HR = 9.03; 95% CI: 2.58–31.55; p = 0.001) were independent risk factors for PFS. Furthermore, we found that the completeness of resection was related to the histologic type (p = 0.009) and TNM stage (p < 0.001) by Fisher's exact test. Conclusions The results of this cohort study remind us that we should pay attention to the reappearance or aggravation of MG after thymoma resection, because it is the leading cause of death and may indicate tumor progression. Furthermore, completeness of resection was related to the histologic type and TNM stage, but it was the independent risk factors of thymoma. Therefore, R0 resection is critical to the prognosis of thymoma.
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