Symbiont specificity differs among green hydra strains
The symbiotic hydra Hydra viridissima has a stable symbiotic relationship with the green alga Chlorella. This hydra appears to cospeciate with the symbiotic alga, and some strains are known to have strain-specific host/symbiont combinations. To investigate the mechanism of the specificity between ho...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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The Royal Society
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Royal Society Open Science |
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| Online Access: | https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.220789 |
| _version_ | 1797845310451482624 |
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| author | Ryo Miyokawa Maki Hanada Yumiko Togawa Taichi Q. Itoh Yoshitaka Kobayakawa Junko Kusumi |
| author_facet | Ryo Miyokawa Maki Hanada Yumiko Togawa Taichi Q. Itoh Yoshitaka Kobayakawa Junko Kusumi |
| author_sort | Ryo Miyokawa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The symbiotic hydra Hydra viridissima has a stable symbiotic relationship with the green alga Chlorella. This hydra appears to cospeciate with the symbiotic alga, and some strains are known to have strain-specific host/symbiont combinations. To investigate the mechanism of the specificity between host and symbiont, we explored the effect of the removal or exchange of symbionts in two distantly related H. viridissima strains (K10 and M9). In the K10 strain, severe morphological and behavioural changes were found in symbiont-removed and symbiont-exchanged polyps. Interestingly, both polyps showed a similar gene expression pattern. The gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis revealed that the removal or exchange of symbionts caused the downregulation of genes involved in the electron transport chain and the upregulation of genes involved in translation in the K10 strain. On the other hand, symbiont-removed and symbiont-exchanged M9 polyps showed modest changes in their morphology and behaviour compared with the K10 strain. Furthermore, the patterns of the gene expression changes in the M9 strain were quite different between the symbiont-removed and symbiont-exchanged polyps. Our results suggested that the regulation of energy balance is one of the crucial mechanisms for maintaining symbiotic relationships in green hydra, and this mechanism differs between the strains. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T17:37:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0ae53753d47046a6915d53221f7fb21c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2054-5703 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T17:37:00Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | The Royal Society |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Royal Society Open Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-0ae53753d47046a6915d53221f7fb21c2023-04-17T11:00:59ZengThe Royal SocietyRoyal Society Open Science2054-57032022-10-0191010.1098/rsos.220789Symbiont specificity differs among green hydra strainsRyo Miyokawa0Maki Hanada1Yumiko Togawa2Taichi Q. Itoh3Yoshitaka Kobayakawa4Junko Kusumi5Graduate School of Integrated Science for Global Society, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, JapanGraduate School of Systems Life Science, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, JapanGraduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Ten-noudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, JapanFaculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, JapanFaculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, JapanDepartment of Environmental Changes, Faculty of Social and Cultural Studies, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, JapanThe symbiotic hydra Hydra viridissima has a stable symbiotic relationship with the green alga Chlorella. This hydra appears to cospeciate with the symbiotic alga, and some strains are known to have strain-specific host/symbiont combinations. To investigate the mechanism of the specificity between host and symbiont, we explored the effect of the removal or exchange of symbionts in two distantly related H. viridissima strains (K10 and M9). In the K10 strain, severe morphological and behavioural changes were found in symbiont-removed and symbiont-exchanged polyps. Interestingly, both polyps showed a similar gene expression pattern. The gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis revealed that the removal or exchange of symbionts caused the downregulation of genes involved in the electron transport chain and the upregulation of genes involved in translation in the K10 strain. On the other hand, symbiont-removed and symbiont-exchanged M9 polyps showed modest changes in their morphology and behaviour compared with the K10 strain. Furthermore, the patterns of the gene expression changes in the M9 strain were quite different between the symbiont-removed and symbiont-exchanged polyps. Our results suggested that the regulation of energy balance is one of the crucial mechanisms for maintaining symbiotic relationships in green hydra, and this mechanism differs between the strains.https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.220789green hydrasymbiosisHydra viridissimaChlorella |
| spellingShingle | Ryo Miyokawa Maki Hanada Yumiko Togawa Taichi Q. Itoh Yoshitaka Kobayakawa Junko Kusumi Symbiont specificity differs among green hydra strains Royal Society Open Science green hydra symbiosis Hydra viridissima Chlorella |
| title | Symbiont specificity differs among green hydra strains |
| title_full | Symbiont specificity differs among green hydra strains |
| title_fullStr | Symbiont specificity differs among green hydra strains |
| title_full_unstemmed | Symbiont specificity differs among green hydra strains |
| title_short | Symbiont specificity differs among green hydra strains |
| title_sort | symbiont specificity differs among green hydra strains |
| topic | green hydra symbiosis Hydra viridissima Chlorella |
| url | https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.220789 |
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