Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Its Complex Relation with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus—From Prevalence to Diagnostic Approach and Treatment Strategies
Prevalence of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) are increasing rapidly worldwide, reaching epidemic proportions. Their association, based on common metabolic risk factors (obesity, insulin resistance (IR), unhealthy lifestyle), brings an additional risk of...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/17/5144 |
| _version_ | 1797494697011183616 |
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| author | Cosmina-Theodora Diaconu Cristian Guja |
| author_facet | Cosmina-Theodora Diaconu Cristian Guja |
| author_sort | Cosmina-Theodora Diaconu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Prevalence of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) are increasing rapidly worldwide, reaching epidemic proportions. Their association, based on common metabolic risk factors (obesity, insulin resistance (IR), unhealthy lifestyle), brings an additional risk of both hepatic and cardiovascular (CV) adverse clinical outcomes. The terminology of “NAFLD” is stigmatizing to some but not all patients, and a more practical one should be announced soon. Medical strategies can address both diseases simultaneously, as they have crossing pathophysiological mechanisms, mainly IR. Strategies vary from lifestyle intervention and pharmacological options, as more molecules designated for T2DM treatment may be helpful in NAFLD, to surgical procedures. This review focuses on the coexistence of NAFLD and T2DM, pointing out the utility of the appropriate terminology, its prevalence, and mortality rates among the diabetic population. Briefly, we have discussed the main pathophysiological mechanisms and the risk stratification algorithm for the development of NAFLD and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) as well as the tools for evaluation of fibrosis. Finally, we have focused on the current therapeutic options for the treatment of NAFLD associated with T2DM. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:38:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0aea443dbb4e4f258015978af528328c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0383 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:38:04Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-0aea443dbb4e4f258015978af528328c2023-11-23T13:28:21ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832022-08-011117514410.3390/jcm11175144Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Its Complex Relation with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus—From Prevalence to Diagnostic Approach and Treatment StrategiesCosmina-Theodora Diaconu0Cristian Guja1Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, “Prof. Dr. N.C. Paulescu” National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 030167 Bucharest, RomaniaDepartment of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, “Prof. Dr. N.C. Paulescu” National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 030167 Bucharest, RomaniaPrevalence of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) are increasing rapidly worldwide, reaching epidemic proportions. Their association, based on common metabolic risk factors (obesity, insulin resistance (IR), unhealthy lifestyle), brings an additional risk of both hepatic and cardiovascular (CV) adverse clinical outcomes. The terminology of “NAFLD” is stigmatizing to some but not all patients, and a more practical one should be announced soon. Medical strategies can address both diseases simultaneously, as they have crossing pathophysiological mechanisms, mainly IR. Strategies vary from lifestyle intervention and pharmacological options, as more molecules designated for T2DM treatment may be helpful in NAFLD, to surgical procedures. This review focuses on the coexistence of NAFLD and T2DM, pointing out the utility of the appropriate terminology, its prevalence, and mortality rates among the diabetic population. Briefly, we have discussed the main pathophysiological mechanisms and the risk stratification algorithm for the development of NAFLD and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) as well as the tools for evaluation of fibrosis. Finally, we have focused on the current therapeutic options for the treatment of NAFLD associated with T2DM.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/17/5144Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)Metabolic Syndrome-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD)treatment |
| spellingShingle | Cosmina-Theodora Diaconu Cristian Guja Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Its Complex Relation with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus—From Prevalence to Diagnostic Approach and Treatment Strategies Journal of Clinical Medicine Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) Metabolic Syndrome-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) treatment |
| title | Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Its Complex Relation with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus—From Prevalence to Diagnostic Approach and Treatment Strategies |
| title_full | Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Its Complex Relation with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus—From Prevalence to Diagnostic Approach and Treatment Strategies |
| title_fullStr | Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Its Complex Relation with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus—From Prevalence to Diagnostic Approach and Treatment Strategies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Its Complex Relation with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus—From Prevalence to Diagnostic Approach and Treatment Strategies |
| title_short | Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Its Complex Relation with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus—From Prevalence to Diagnostic Approach and Treatment Strategies |
| title_sort | nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and its complex relation with type 2 diabetes mellitus from prevalence to diagnostic approach and treatment strategies |
| topic | Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) Metabolic Syndrome-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) treatment |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/17/5144 |
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