Plant-Based Vaccines: Antigen Design, Diversity, and Strategies for High Level Production
Vaccines for human use have conventionally been developed by the production of (1) microbial pathogens in eggs or mammalian cells that are then inactivated, or (2) by the production of pathogen proteins in mammalian and insect cells that are purified for vaccine formulation, as well as, more recentl...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Vaccines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/1/100 |
| _version_ | 1797489843156025344 |
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| author | Elizabeth Monreal-Escalante Abel Ramos-Vega Carlos Angulo Bernardo Bañuelos-Hernández |
| author_facet | Elizabeth Monreal-Escalante Abel Ramos-Vega Carlos Angulo Bernardo Bañuelos-Hernández |
| author_sort | Elizabeth Monreal-Escalante |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Vaccines for human use have conventionally been developed by the production of (1) microbial pathogens in eggs or mammalian cells that are then inactivated, or (2) by the production of pathogen proteins in mammalian and insect cells that are purified for vaccine formulation, as well as, more recently, (3) by using RNA or DNA fragments from pathogens. Another approach for recombinant antigen production in the last three decades has been the use of plants as biofactories. Only have few plant-produced vaccines been evaluated in clinical trials to fight against diseases, of which COVID-19 vaccines are the most recent to be FDA approved. In silico tools have accelerated vaccine design, which, combined with transitory antigen expression in plants, has led to the testing of promising prototypes in pre-clinical and clinical trials. Therefore, this review deals with a description of immunoinformatic tools and plant genetic engineering technologies used for antigen design (virus-like particles (VLP), subunit vaccines, VLP chimeras) and the main strategies for high antigen production levels. These key topics for plant-made vaccine development are discussed and perspectives are provided. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:22:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0aead7f2920444278f3a9053ca57d97b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:22:25Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj.art-0aead7f2920444278f3a9053ca57d97b2023-11-23T15:39:25ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2022-01-0110110010.3390/vaccines10010100Plant-Based Vaccines: Antigen Design, Diversity, and Strategies for High Level ProductionElizabeth Monreal-Escalante0Abel Ramos-Vega1Carlos Angulo2Bernardo Bañuelos-Hernández3Immunology and Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, Instituto PoliItécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz 23096, BCS, MexicoImmunology and Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, Instituto PoliItécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz 23096, BCS, MexicoImmunology and Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, Instituto PoliItécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz 23096, BCS, MexicoEscuela de Veterinaria, Universidad De La Salle Bajío, Avenida Universidad 602, Lomas del Campestre, Leon 37150, GTO, MexicoVaccines for human use have conventionally been developed by the production of (1) microbial pathogens in eggs or mammalian cells that are then inactivated, or (2) by the production of pathogen proteins in mammalian and insect cells that are purified for vaccine formulation, as well as, more recently, (3) by using RNA or DNA fragments from pathogens. Another approach for recombinant antigen production in the last three decades has been the use of plants as biofactories. Only have few plant-produced vaccines been evaluated in clinical trials to fight against diseases, of which COVID-19 vaccines are the most recent to be FDA approved. In silico tools have accelerated vaccine design, which, combined with transitory antigen expression in plants, has led to the testing of promising prototypes in pre-clinical and clinical trials. Therefore, this review deals with a description of immunoinformatic tools and plant genetic engineering technologies used for antigen design (virus-like particles (VLP), subunit vaccines, VLP chimeras) and the main strategies for high antigen production levels. These key topics for plant-made vaccine development are discussed and perspectives are provided.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/1/100viral vectorsinfluenzavirus-like particlesvirusCOVID 19antigens |
| spellingShingle | Elizabeth Monreal-Escalante Abel Ramos-Vega Carlos Angulo Bernardo Bañuelos-Hernández Plant-Based Vaccines: Antigen Design, Diversity, and Strategies for High Level Production Vaccines viral vectors influenza virus-like particles virus COVID 19 antigens |
| title | Plant-Based Vaccines: Antigen Design, Diversity, and Strategies for High Level Production |
| title_full | Plant-Based Vaccines: Antigen Design, Diversity, and Strategies for High Level Production |
| title_fullStr | Plant-Based Vaccines: Antigen Design, Diversity, and Strategies for High Level Production |
| title_full_unstemmed | Plant-Based Vaccines: Antigen Design, Diversity, and Strategies for High Level Production |
| title_short | Plant-Based Vaccines: Antigen Design, Diversity, and Strategies for High Level Production |
| title_sort | plant based vaccines antigen design diversity and strategies for high level production |
| topic | viral vectors influenza virus-like particles virus COVID 19 antigens |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/1/100 |
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