Physiology and Pathophysiology of Oxygen Sensitivity
Oxygen is an essential requirement for metabolism in mammals and many other animals. Therefore, pathways that sense a reduction in available oxygen are critical for organism survival. Higher mammals developed specialized organs to detect and respond to changes in O<sub>2</sub> content to...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/7/1114 |
| _version_ | 1827687983090761728 |
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| author | Robert S. Fitzgerald Asuncion Rocher |
| author_facet | Robert S. Fitzgerald Asuncion Rocher |
| author_sort | Robert S. Fitzgerald |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Oxygen is an essential requirement for metabolism in mammals and many other animals. Therefore, pathways that sense a reduction in available oxygen are critical for organism survival. Higher mammals developed specialized organs to detect and respond to changes in O<sub>2</sub> content to maintain gas homeostasis by balancing oxygen demand and supply. Here, we summarize the various oxygen sensors that have been identified in mammals (carotid body, aortic bodies, and astrocytes), by what mechanisms they detect oxygen and the cellular and molecular aspects of their function on control of respiratory and circulatory O<sub>2</sub> transport that contribute to maintaining normal physiology. Finally, we discuss how dysregulation of oxygen availability leads to elevated signalling sensitivity in these systems and may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic cardiovascular and respiratory diseases and many other disorders. Hence, too little oxygen, too much oxygen, and a malfunctioning sensitivity of receptors/sensors can create major pathophysiological problems for the organism. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:46:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0aebfb5eb30c4019bcddc5246de27de5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:46:35Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj.art-0aebfb5eb30c4019bcddc5246de27de52023-11-22T03:05:43ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212021-07-01107111410.3390/antiox10071114Physiology and Pathophysiology of Oxygen SensitivityRobert S. Fitzgerald0Asuncion Rocher1Department of Environmental Health & Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21205, USADepartamento de Bioquimica y Biología Molecular y Fisiologia, Instituto de Biologia y Genetica Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid-CSIC, 47005 Valladolid, SpainOxygen is an essential requirement for metabolism in mammals and many other animals. Therefore, pathways that sense a reduction in available oxygen are critical for organism survival. Higher mammals developed specialized organs to detect and respond to changes in O<sub>2</sub> content to maintain gas homeostasis by balancing oxygen demand and supply. Here, we summarize the various oxygen sensors that have been identified in mammals (carotid body, aortic bodies, and astrocytes), by what mechanisms they detect oxygen and the cellular and molecular aspects of their function on control of respiratory and circulatory O<sub>2</sub> transport that contribute to maintaining normal physiology. Finally, we discuss how dysregulation of oxygen availability leads to elevated signalling sensitivity in these systems and may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic cardiovascular and respiratory diseases and many other disorders. Hence, too little oxygen, too much oxygen, and a malfunctioning sensitivity of receptors/sensors can create major pathophysiological problems for the organism.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/7/1114oxygen sensingcardiovascular diseasecarotid bodyaortic bodiesastrocyteshypoxia |
| spellingShingle | Robert S. Fitzgerald Asuncion Rocher Physiology and Pathophysiology of Oxygen Sensitivity Antioxidants oxygen sensing cardiovascular disease carotid body aortic bodies astrocytes hypoxia |
| title | Physiology and Pathophysiology of Oxygen Sensitivity |
| title_full | Physiology and Pathophysiology of Oxygen Sensitivity |
| title_fullStr | Physiology and Pathophysiology of Oxygen Sensitivity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Physiology and Pathophysiology of Oxygen Sensitivity |
| title_short | Physiology and Pathophysiology of Oxygen Sensitivity |
| title_sort | physiology and pathophysiology of oxygen sensitivity |
| topic | oxygen sensing cardiovascular disease carotid body aortic bodies astrocytes hypoxia |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/7/1114 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT robertsfitzgerald physiologyandpathophysiologyofoxygensensitivity AT asuncionrocher physiologyandpathophysiologyofoxygensensitivity |