Studies on Aggregated Nanoparticles Steering during Deep Brain Membrane Crossing
Many central nervous system (CNS) diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), affect the deep brain region, which hinders their effective treatment. The hippocampus, a deep brain area critical for learning and memory, is especially vulnerable to damage during early stages of AD. Magnetic drug target...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Nanomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/10/2754 |
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| author | Ali Kafash Hoshiar Shahriar Dadras Javan Tuan-Anh Le Mohammad Reza Hairi Yazdi Jungwon Yoon |
| author_facet | Ali Kafash Hoshiar Shahriar Dadras Javan Tuan-Anh Le Mohammad Reza Hairi Yazdi Jungwon Yoon |
| author_sort | Ali Kafash Hoshiar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Many central nervous system (CNS) diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), affect the deep brain region, which hinders their effective treatment. The hippocampus, a deep brain area critical for learning and memory, is especially vulnerable to damage during early stages of AD. Magnetic drug targeting has shown high potential in delivering drugs to a targeted disease site effectively by applying a strong electromagnetic force. This study illustrates a nanotechnology-based scheme for delivering magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) to the deep brain region. First, we developed a mathematical model and a molecular dynamic simulation to analyze membrane crossing, and to study the effects of particle size, aggregation, and crossing velocities. Then, using in vitro experiments, we studied effective parameters in aggregation. We have also studied the process and environmental parameters. We have demonstrated that aggregation size can be controlled when particles are subjected to external electromagnetic fields. Our simulations and experimental studies can be used for capturing MNPs in brain, the transport of particles across the intact BBB and deep region targeting. These results are in line with previous in vivo studies and establish an effective strategy for deep brain region targeting with drug loaded MNPs through the application of an external electromagnetic field. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:18:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0aec7c5a65ae4f9eadfcacf3dcdd7e06 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:18:48Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj.art-0aec7c5a65ae4f9eadfcacf3dcdd7e062023-11-22T19:26:09ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912021-10-011110275410.3390/nano11102754Studies on Aggregated Nanoparticles Steering during Deep Brain Membrane CrossingAli Kafash Hoshiar0Shahriar Dadras Javan1Tuan-Anh Le2Mohammad Reza Hairi Yazdi3Jungwon Yoon4School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UKSchool of Mechanical Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 1439955961, IranSchool of Integrated Technology, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, KoreaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 1439955961, IranSchool of Integrated Technology, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, KoreaMany central nervous system (CNS) diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), affect the deep brain region, which hinders their effective treatment. The hippocampus, a deep brain area critical for learning and memory, is especially vulnerable to damage during early stages of AD. Magnetic drug targeting has shown high potential in delivering drugs to a targeted disease site effectively by applying a strong electromagnetic force. This study illustrates a nanotechnology-based scheme for delivering magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) to the deep brain region. First, we developed a mathematical model and a molecular dynamic simulation to analyze membrane crossing, and to study the effects of particle size, aggregation, and crossing velocities. Then, using in vitro experiments, we studied effective parameters in aggregation. We have also studied the process and environmental parameters. We have demonstrated that aggregation size can be controlled when particles are subjected to external electromagnetic fields. Our simulations and experimental studies can be used for capturing MNPs in brain, the transport of particles across the intact BBB and deep region targeting. These results are in line with previous in vivo studies and establish an effective strategy for deep brain region targeting with drug loaded MNPs through the application of an external electromagnetic field.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/10/2754Alzheimer’s diseasehippocampusmagnetic nanoparticleselectromagnetic actuationswarm steeringnanorobotics |
| spellingShingle | Ali Kafash Hoshiar Shahriar Dadras Javan Tuan-Anh Le Mohammad Reza Hairi Yazdi Jungwon Yoon Studies on Aggregated Nanoparticles Steering during Deep Brain Membrane Crossing Nanomaterials Alzheimer’s disease hippocampus magnetic nanoparticles electromagnetic actuation swarm steering nanorobotics |
| title | Studies on Aggregated Nanoparticles Steering during Deep Brain Membrane Crossing |
| title_full | Studies on Aggregated Nanoparticles Steering during Deep Brain Membrane Crossing |
| title_fullStr | Studies on Aggregated Nanoparticles Steering during Deep Brain Membrane Crossing |
| title_full_unstemmed | Studies on Aggregated Nanoparticles Steering during Deep Brain Membrane Crossing |
| title_short | Studies on Aggregated Nanoparticles Steering during Deep Brain Membrane Crossing |
| title_sort | studies on aggregated nanoparticles steering during deep brain membrane crossing |
| topic | Alzheimer’s disease hippocampus magnetic nanoparticles electromagnetic actuation swarm steering nanorobotics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/10/2754 |
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