Polyphenol Rich <em>Ajuga bracteosa</em> Transgenic Regenerants Display Better Pharmacological Potential
<i>Ajuga bracteosa</i> Wall. ex Benth. is an endangered medicinal herb traditionally used against different ailments. The present study aimed to create new insight into the fundamental mechanisms of genetic transformation and the biological activities of this plant. We transformed the &l...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-08-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/16/4874 |
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| author | Samina Rubnawaz Waqas Khan Kayani Nosheen Akhtar Rashid Mahmood Asif Khan Mohammad K. Okla Saud A. Alamri Ibrahim A. Alaraidh Yasmeen A. Alwasel Bushra Mirza |
| author_facet | Samina Rubnawaz Waqas Khan Kayani Nosheen Akhtar Rashid Mahmood Asif Khan Mohammad K. Okla Saud A. Alamri Ibrahim A. Alaraidh Yasmeen A. Alwasel Bushra Mirza |
| author_sort | Samina Rubnawaz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Ajuga bracteosa</i> Wall. ex Benth. is an endangered medicinal herb traditionally used against different ailments. The present study aimed to create new insight into the fundamental mechanisms of genetic transformation and the biological activities of this plant. We transformed the <i>A. bracteosa</i> plant with <i>rol</i> genes of <i>Agrobacterium rhizogenes</i> and raised the regenerants from the hairy roots. These transgenic regenerants were screened for in vitro antioxidant activities, a range of in vivo assays, elemental analysis, polyphenol content, and different phytochemicals found through HPLC. Among 18 polyphenolic standards, kaempferol was most abundant in all transgenic lines. Furthermore, transgenic line 3 (ABRL3) showed maximum phenolics and flavonoids content among all tested plant extracts. ABRL3 also demonstrated the highest total antioxidant capacity (8.16 ± 1 μg AAE/mg), total reducing power, (6.60 ± 1.17 μg AAE/mg), DPPH activity (IC50 = 59.5 ± 0.8 μg/mL), hydroxyl ion scavenging (IC50 = 122.5 ± 0.90 μg/mL), and iron-chelating power (IC50 = 154.8 ± 2 μg/mL). Moreover, transformed plant extracts produced significant analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, and antidepressant activities in BALB/c mice models. In conclusion, transgenic regenerants of <i>A. bracteosa</i> pose better antioxidant and pharmacological properties under the effect of <i>rol</i> genes as compared to wild-type plants. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:32:50Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:32:50Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-0aee09a9746d45909937e55aa97e04332023-11-22T08:53:15ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492021-08-012616487410.3390/molecules26164874Polyphenol Rich <em>Ajuga bracteosa</em> Transgenic Regenerants Display Better Pharmacological PotentialSamina Rubnawaz0Waqas Khan Kayani1Nosheen Akhtar2Rashid Mahmood3Asif Khan4Mohammad K. Okla5Saud A. Alamri6Ibrahim A. Alaraidh7Yasmeen A. Alwasel8Bushra Mirza9Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, PakistanDepartment of Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Kotli, Azad Jammu and Kashmir 11100, PakistanDepartment of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi 46000, PakistanDrugs Control & Traditional Medicines Division, National Institute of Health, Islamabad 45320, PakistanInstitute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumper 50603, MalaysiaBotany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaBotany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaBotany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaBotany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan<i>Ajuga bracteosa</i> Wall. ex Benth. is an endangered medicinal herb traditionally used against different ailments. The present study aimed to create new insight into the fundamental mechanisms of genetic transformation and the biological activities of this plant. We transformed the <i>A. bracteosa</i> plant with <i>rol</i> genes of <i>Agrobacterium rhizogenes</i> and raised the regenerants from the hairy roots. These transgenic regenerants were screened for in vitro antioxidant activities, a range of in vivo assays, elemental analysis, polyphenol content, and different phytochemicals found through HPLC. Among 18 polyphenolic standards, kaempferol was most abundant in all transgenic lines. Furthermore, transgenic line 3 (ABRL3) showed maximum phenolics and flavonoids content among all tested plant extracts. ABRL3 also demonstrated the highest total antioxidant capacity (8.16 ± 1 μg AAE/mg), total reducing power, (6.60 ± 1.17 μg AAE/mg), DPPH activity (IC50 = 59.5 ± 0.8 μg/mL), hydroxyl ion scavenging (IC50 = 122.5 ± 0.90 μg/mL), and iron-chelating power (IC50 = 154.8 ± 2 μg/mL). Moreover, transformed plant extracts produced significant analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, and antidepressant activities in BALB/c mice models. In conclusion, transgenic regenerants of <i>A. bracteosa</i> pose better antioxidant and pharmacological properties under the effect of <i>rol</i> genes as compared to wild-type plants.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/16/4874<i>Ajuga bracteosa</i>genetic transformationantioxidantspolyphenolsmetabolic profilingRP-HPLC |
| spellingShingle | Samina Rubnawaz Waqas Khan Kayani Nosheen Akhtar Rashid Mahmood Asif Khan Mohammad K. Okla Saud A. Alamri Ibrahim A. Alaraidh Yasmeen A. Alwasel Bushra Mirza Polyphenol Rich <em>Ajuga bracteosa</em> Transgenic Regenerants Display Better Pharmacological Potential Molecules <i>Ajuga bracteosa</i> genetic transformation antioxidants polyphenols metabolic profiling RP-HPLC |
| title | Polyphenol Rich <em>Ajuga bracteosa</em> Transgenic Regenerants Display Better Pharmacological Potential |
| title_full | Polyphenol Rich <em>Ajuga bracteosa</em> Transgenic Regenerants Display Better Pharmacological Potential |
| title_fullStr | Polyphenol Rich <em>Ajuga bracteosa</em> Transgenic Regenerants Display Better Pharmacological Potential |
| title_full_unstemmed | Polyphenol Rich <em>Ajuga bracteosa</em> Transgenic Regenerants Display Better Pharmacological Potential |
| title_short | Polyphenol Rich <em>Ajuga bracteosa</em> Transgenic Regenerants Display Better Pharmacological Potential |
| title_sort | polyphenol rich em ajuga bracteosa em transgenic regenerants display better pharmacological potential |
| topic | <i>Ajuga bracteosa</i> genetic transformation antioxidants polyphenols metabolic profiling RP-HPLC |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/16/4874 |
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