Condensation and evaporation of boson stars
Abstract Axion-like particles, including the QCD axion, are well-motivated dark matter candidates. Numerical simulations have revealed coherent soliton configurations, also known as boson stars, in the centers of axion halos. We study evolution of axion solitons immersed into a gas of axion waves wi...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SpringerOpen
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of High Energy Physics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP01(2024)071 |
| _version_ | 1797350177345896448 |
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| author | James Hung-Hsu Chan Sergey Sibiryakov Wei Xue |
| author_facet | James Hung-Hsu Chan Sergey Sibiryakov Wei Xue |
| author_sort | James Hung-Hsu Chan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Axion-like particles, including the QCD axion, are well-motivated dark matter candidates. Numerical simulations have revealed coherent soliton configurations, also known as boson stars, in the centers of axion halos. We study evolution of axion solitons immersed into a gas of axion waves with Maxwellian velocity distribution. Combining analytical approach with controlled numerical simulations we find that heavy solitons grow by condensation of axions from the gas, while light solitons evaporate. We deduce the parametric dependence of the soliton growth/evaporation rate and show that it is proportional to the rate of the kinetic relaxation in the gas. The proportionality coefficient is controlled by the product of the soliton radius and the typical gas momentum or, equivalently, the ratio of the gas and soliton virial temperatures. We discuss the asymptotics of the rate when this parameter is large or small. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T12:40:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0af78711edc44a3781506829a62713e4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1029-8479 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T12:40:59Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of High Energy Physics |
| spelling | doaj.art-0af78711edc44a3781506829a62713e42024-01-21T12:07:44ZengSpringerOpenJournal of High Energy Physics1029-84792024-01-012024114610.1007/JHEP01(2024)071Condensation and evaporation of boson starsJames Hung-Hsu Chan0Sergey Sibiryakov1Wei Xue2Department of Astrophysics, American Museum of Natural HistoryDepartment of Physics & Astronomy, McMaster UniversityDepartment of Physics, University of FloridaAbstract Axion-like particles, including the QCD axion, are well-motivated dark matter candidates. Numerical simulations have revealed coherent soliton configurations, also known as boson stars, in the centers of axion halos. We study evolution of axion solitons immersed into a gas of axion waves with Maxwellian velocity distribution. Combining analytical approach with controlled numerical simulations we find that heavy solitons grow by condensation of axions from the gas, while light solitons evaporate. We deduce the parametric dependence of the soliton growth/evaporation rate and show that it is proportional to the rate of the kinetic relaxation in the gas. The proportionality coefficient is controlled by the product of the soliton radius and the typical gas momentum or, equivalently, the ratio of the gas and soliton virial temperatures. We discuss the asymptotics of the rate when this parameter is large or small.https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP01(2024)071Axions and ALPsModels for Dark MatterNew Light ParticlesParticle Nature of Dark Matter |
| spellingShingle | James Hung-Hsu Chan Sergey Sibiryakov Wei Xue Condensation and evaporation of boson stars Journal of High Energy Physics Axions and ALPs Models for Dark Matter New Light Particles Particle Nature of Dark Matter |
| title | Condensation and evaporation of boson stars |
| title_full | Condensation and evaporation of boson stars |
| title_fullStr | Condensation and evaporation of boson stars |
| title_full_unstemmed | Condensation and evaporation of boson stars |
| title_short | Condensation and evaporation of boson stars |
| title_sort | condensation and evaporation of boson stars |
| topic | Axions and ALPs Models for Dark Matter New Light Particles Particle Nature of Dark Matter |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP01(2024)071 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jameshunghsuchan condensationandevaporationofbosonstars AT sergeysibiryakov condensationandevaporationofbosonstars AT weixue condensationandevaporationofbosonstars |