The metabolic differences of anestrus, heat, pregnancy, pseudopregnancy, and lactation in 800 female dogs
IntroductionReproduction causes major hormonal and physiological changes to the female body. However, the metabolic changes occurring during canine reproduction are scarcely studied.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, we assessed the metabolic effects of canine reproductive status using a 1H NMR m...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-02-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2023.1105113/full |
| _version_ | 1797934868831666176 |
|---|---|
| author | Claudia Ottka Claudia Ottka Claudia Ottka Claudia Ottka Katariina Vapalahti Katariina Vapalahti Katariina Vapalahti Sebastian P. Arlt Alexander Bartel Hannes Lohi Hannes Lohi Hannes Lohi Hannes Lohi |
| author_facet | Claudia Ottka Claudia Ottka Claudia Ottka Claudia Ottka Katariina Vapalahti Katariina Vapalahti Katariina Vapalahti Sebastian P. Arlt Alexander Bartel Hannes Lohi Hannes Lohi Hannes Lohi Hannes Lohi |
| author_sort | Claudia Ottka |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionReproduction causes major hormonal and physiological changes to the female body. However, the metabolic changes occurring during canine reproduction are scarcely studied.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, we assessed the metabolic effects of canine reproductive status using a 1H NMR metabolomics platform optimized and validated for canine use. The study population consisted of a total of 837 healthy, intact female dogs in breeding age, of which 663 dogs were in anestrus, 78 in heat, 43 were pseudopregnant, 15 were pregnant, and 38 were lactating. The differences in metabolite profiles between these states were studied by the Kruskal-Wallis test with post-hoc tests performed using the Dunn's test, and visualized by box plots and a heatmap. The ability of the metabolite profile to differentiate pregnant dogs from non-pregnant ones was assessed by creating a multivariate Firth logistic regression model using forward stepwise selection.ResultsLactation, pregnancy and heat all were associated with distinct metabolic changes; pregnancy caused major changes in the concentrations of glycoprotein acetyls, albumin and creatinine, and smaller changes in several lipids, citrate, glutamine, and alanine. Pseudopregnancy, on the other hand, metabolically largely resembled anestrus. Lactation caused major changes in amino acid concentrations and smaller changes in several lipids, albumin, citrate, creatinine, and glycoprotein acetyls. Heat, referring to proestrus and estrus, affected cholesterol and LDL metabolism, and increased HDL particle size. Albumin and glycoprotein acetyls were the metabolites included in the final multivariate model for pregnancy detection, and could differentiate pregnant dogs from non-pregnant ones with excellent sensitivity and specificity.DiscussionThese results increase our understanding of the metabolic consequences of canine reproduction, with the possibility of improving maternal health and ensuring reproductive success. The identified metabolites could be used for confirming canine pregnancy. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T18:06:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0b08884ace014474a24c946d3636dacc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2297-1769 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T18:06:44Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-0b08884ace014474a24c946d3636dacc2023-02-02T12:53:02ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692023-02-011010.3389/fvets.2023.11051131105113The metabolic differences of anestrus, heat, pregnancy, pseudopregnancy, and lactation in 800 female dogsClaudia Ottka0Claudia Ottka1Claudia Ottka2Claudia Ottka3Katariina Vapalahti4Katariina Vapalahti5Katariina Vapalahti6Sebastian P. Arlt7Alexander Bartel8Hannes Lohi9Hannes Lohi10Hannes Lohi11Hannes Lohi12PetBiomics Ltd., Helsinki, FinlandDepartment of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandDepartment of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandFolkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, FinlandPetBiomics Ltd., Helsinki, FinlandDepartment of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandDepartment of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandClinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, SwitzerlandInstitute for Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, GermanyPetBiomics Ltd., Helsinki, FinlandDepartment of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandDepartment of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandFolkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, FinlandIntroductionReproduction causes major hormonal and physiological changes to the female body. However, the metabolic changes occurring during canine reproduction are scarcely studied.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, we assessed the metabolic effects of canine reproductive status using a 1H NMR metabolomics platform optimized and validated for canine use. The study population consisted of a total of 837 healthy, intact female dogs in breeding age, of which 663 dogs were in anestrus, 78 in heat, 43 were pseudopregnant, 15 were pregnant, and 38 were lactating. The differences in metabolite profiles between these states were studied by the Kruskal-Wallis test with post-hoc tests performed using the Dunn's test, and visualized by box plots and a heatmap. The ability of the metabolite profile to differentiate pregnant dogs from non-pregnant ones was assessed by creating a multivariate Firth logistic regression model using forward stepwise selection.ResultsLactation, pregnancy and heat all were associated with distinct metabolic changes; pregnancy caused major changes in the concentrations of glycoprotein acetyls, albumin and creatinine, and smaller changes in several lipids, citrate, glutamine, and alanine. Pseudopregnancy, on the other hand, metabolically largely resembled anestrus. Lactation caused major changes in amino acid concentrations and smaller changes in several lipids, albumin, citrate, creatinine, and glycoprotein acetyls. Heat, referring to proestrus and estrus, affected cholesterol and LDL metabolism, and increased HDL particle size. Albumin and glycoprotein acetyls were the metabolites included in the final multivariate model for pregnancy detection, and could differentiate pregnant dogs from non-pregnant ones with excellent sensitivity and specificity.DiscussionThese results increase our understanding of the metabolic consequences of canine reproduction, with the possibility of improving maternal health and ensuring reproductive success. The identified metabolites could be used for confirming canine pregnancy.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2023.1105113/fulldogmetabolomicsmetabolismpregnancylactationreproduction |
| spellingShingle | Claudia Ottka Claudia Ottka Claudia Ottka Claudia Ottka Katariina Vapalahti Katariina Vapalahti Katariina Vapalahti Sebastian P. Arlt Alexander Bartel Hannes Lohi Hannes Lohi Hannes Lohi Hannes Lohi The metabolic differences of anestrus, heat, pregnancy, pseudopregnancy, and lactation in 800 female dogs Frontiers in Veterinary Science dog metabolomics metabolism pregnancy lactation reproduction |
| title | The metabolic differences of anestrus, heat, pregnancy, pseudopregnancy, and lactation in 800 female dogs |
| title_full | The metabolic differences of anestrus, heat, pregnancy, pseudopregnancy, and lactation in 800 female dogs |
| title_fullStr | The metabolic differences of anestrus, heat, pregnancy, pseudopregnancy, and lactation in 800 female dogs |
| title_full_unstemmed | The metabolic differences of anestrus, heat, pregnancy, pseudopregnancy, and lactation in 800 female dogs |
| title_short | The metabolic differences of anestrus, heat, pregnancy, pseudopregnancy, and lactation in 800 female dogs |
| title_sort | metabolic differences of anestrus heat pregnancy pseudopregnancy and lactation in 800 female dogs |
| topic | dog metabolomics metabolism pregnancy lactation reproduction |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2023.1105113/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT claudiaottka themetabolicdifferencesofanestrusheatpregnancypseudopregnancyandlactationin800femaledogs AT claudiaottka themetabolicdifferencesofanestrusheatpregnancypseudopregnancyandlactationin800femaledogs AT claudiaottka themetabolicdifferencesofanestrusheatpregnancypseudopregnancyandlactationin800femaledogs AT claudiaottka themetabolicdifferencesofanestrusheatpregnancypseudopregnancyandlactationin800femaledogs AT katariinavapalahti themetabolicdifferencesofanestrusheatpregnancypseudopregnancyandlactationin800femaledogs AT katariinavapalahti themetabolicdifferencesofanestrusheatpregnancypseudopregnancyandlactationin800femaledogs AT katariinavapalahti themetabolicdifferencesofanestrusheatpregnancypseudopregnancyandlactationin800femaledogs AT sebastianparlt themetabolicdifferencesofanestrusheatpregnancypseudopregnancyandlactationin800femaledogs AT alexanderbartel themetabolicdifferencesofanestrusheatpregnancypseudopregnancyandlactationin800femaledogs AT hanneslohi themetabolicdifferencesofanestrusheatpregnancypseudopregnancyandlactationin800femaledogs AT hanneslohi themetabolicdifferencesofanestrusheatpregnancypseudopregnancyandlactationin800femaledogs AT hanneslohi themetabolicdifferencesofanestrusheatpregnancypseudopregnancyandlactationin800femaledogs AT hanneslohi themetabolicdifferencesofanestrusheatpregnancypseudopregnancyandlactationin800femaledogs AT claudiaottka metabolicdifferencesofanestrusheatpregnancypseudopregnancyandlactationin800femaledogs AT claudiaottka metabolicdifferencesofanestrusheatpregnancypseudopregnancyandlactationin800femaledogs AT claudiaottka metabolicdifferencesofanestrusheatpregnancypseudopregnancyandlactationin800femaledogs AT claudiaottka metabolicdifferencesofanestrusheatpregnancypseudopregnancyandlactationin800femaledogs AT katariinavapalahti metabolicdifferencesofanestrusheatpregnancypseudopregnancyandlactationin800femaledogs AT katariinavapalahti metabolicdifferencesofanestrusheatpregnancypseudopregnancyandlactationin800femaledogs AT katariinavapalahti metabolicdifferencesofanestrusheatpregnancypseudopregnancyandlactationin800femaledogs AT sebastianparlt metabolicdifferencesofanestrusheatpregnancypseudopregnancyandlactationin800femaledogs AT alexanderbartel metabolicdifferencesofanestrusheatpregnancypseudopregnancyandlactationin800femaledogs AT hanneslohi metabolicdifferencesofanestrusheatpregnancypseudopregnancyandlactationin800femaledogs AT hanneslohi metabolicdifferencesofanestrusheatpregnancypseudopregnancyandlactationin800femaledogs AT hanneslohi metabolicdifferencesofanestrusheatpregnancypseudopregnancyandlactationin800femaledogs AT hanneslohi metabolicdifferencesofanestrusheatpregnancypseudopregnancyandlactationin800femaledogs |