Alternative Splicing-Based Differences Between Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: Genes, Immune Microenvironment, and Survival Prognosis
Alternative splicing (AS) event is a novel biomarker of tumor tumorigenesis and progression. However, the comprehensive analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is lacking. Differentially expressed analysis was used to identify the differentially expressed...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Oncology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2021.731993/full |
| _version_ | 1819011419709898752 |
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| author | Dingan Luo Deze Zhao Mao Zhang Chuan Hu Haoran Li Shun Zhang Xiaowu Chen Lakshmi Huttad Bailiang Li Cheng Jin Changwei Lin Bing Han |
| author_facet | Dingan Luo Deze Zhao Mao Zhang Chuan Hu Haoran Li Shun Zhang Xiaowu Chen Lakshmi Huttad Bailiang Li Cheng Jin Changwei Lin Bing Han |
| author_sort | Dingan Luo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Alternative splicing (AS) event is a novel biomarker of tumor tumorigenesis and progression. However, the comprehensive analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is lacking. Differentially expressed analysis was used to identify the differentially expressed alternative splicing (DEAS) events between HCC or ICC tissues and their normal tissues. The correlation between DEAS events and functional analyses or immune features was evaluated. The cluster analysis based on DEAS can accurately reflect the differences in the immune microenvironment between HCC and ICC. Forty-five immune checkpoints and 23 immune features were considered statistically significant in HCC, while only seven immune checkpoints and one immune feature in ICC. Then, the prognostic value of DEAS events was studied, and two transcripts with different basic cell functions (proliferation, cell cycle, invasion, and migration) were produced by ADHFE1 through alternative splicing. Moreover, four nomograms were established in conjunction with relevant clinicopathological factors. Finally, we found two most significant splicing factors and further showed their protein crystal structure. The joint analysis of the AS events in HCC and ICC revealed novel insights into immune features and clinical prognosis, which might provide positive implications in HCC and ICC treatment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T01:27:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0b0dd45d5f7b4a66bca3d7a9d2053cc4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2234-943X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T01:27:52Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Oncology |
| spelling | doaj.art-0b0dd45d5f7b4a66bca3d7a9d2053cc42022-12-21T19:20:27ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Oncology2234-943X2021-10-011110.3389/fonc.2021.731993731993Alternative Splicing-Based Differences Between Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: Genes, Immune Microenvironment, and Survival PrognosisDingan Luo0Deze Zhao1Mao Zhang2Chuan Hu3Haoran Li4Shun Zhang5Xiaowu Chen6Lakshmi Huttad7Bailiang Li8Cheng Jin9Changwei Lin10Bing Han11Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, ChinaDepartment of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, ChinaDepartment of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, ChinaMedical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, ChinaDepartment of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, ChinaDepartment of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, ChinaAsian Liver Center, Department of Surgery, Medical School of Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United StatesAsian Liver Center, Department of Surgery, Medical School of Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United StatesDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Medical School of Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United StatesDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Medical School of Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United StatesDepartment of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, ChinaDepartment of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, ChinaAlternative splicing (AS) event is a novel biomarker of tumor tumorigenesis and progression. However, the comprehensive analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is lacking. Differentially expressed analysis was used to identify the differentially expressed alternative splicing (DEAS) events between HCC or ICC tissues and their normal tissues. The correlation between DEAS events and functional analyses or immune features was evaluated. The cluster analysis based on DEAS can accurately reflect the differences in the immune microenvironment between HCC and ICC. Forty-five immune checkpoints and 23 immune features were considered statistically significant in HCC, while only seven immune checkpoints and one immune feature in ICC. Then, the prognostic value of DEAS events was studied, and two transcripts with different basic cell functions (proliferation, cell cycle, invasion, and migration) were produced by ADHFE1 through alternative splicing. Moreover, four nomograms were established in conjunction with relevant clinicopathological factors. Finally, we found two most significant splicing factors and further showed their protein crystal structure. The joint analysis of the AS events in HCC and ICC revealed novel insights into immune features and clinical prognosis, which might provide positive implications in HCC and ICC treatment.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2021.731993/fullhepatocellular carcinomaintrahepatic cholangiocarcinomaalternative splicingimmuneprognostic models |
| spellingShingle | Dingan Luo Deze Zhao Mao Zhang Chuan Hu Haoran Li Shun Zhang Xiaowu Chen Lakshmi Huttad Bailiang Li Cheng Jin Changwei Lin Bing Han Alternative Splicing-Based Differences Between Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: Genes, Immune Microenvironment, and Survival Prognosis Frontiers in Oncology hepatocellular carcinoma intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma alternative splicing immune prognostic models |
| title | Alternative Splicing-Based Differences Between Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: Genes, Immune Microenvironment, and Survival Prognosis |
| title_full | Alternative Splicing-Based Differences Between Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: Genes, Immune Microenvironment, and Survival Prognosis |
| title_fullStr | Alternative Splicing-Based Differences Between Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: Genes, Immune Microenvironment, and Survival Prognosis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Alternative Splicing-Based Differences Between Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: Genes, Immune Microenvironment, and Survival Prognosis |
| title_short | Alternative Splicing-Based Differences Between Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: Genes, Immune Microenvironment, and Survival Prognosis |
| title_sort | alternative splicing based differences between hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma genes immune microenvironment and survival prognosis |
| topic | hepatocellular carcinoma intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma alternative splicing immune prognostic models |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2021.731993/full |
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