A bacteriophage cocktail can efficiently reduce five important Salmonella serotypes both on chicken skin and stainless steel
Salmonella is one of the most important zoonotic pathogens and is mostly transmitted through food of animal origin. Application of bacteriophages is a promising tool to biocontrol Salmonella on both food and food contact surfaces. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of a six-phage cocktail...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1354696/full |
| _version_ | 1797279236018405376 |
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| author | Tamar Gvaladze Hansjörg Lehnherr Stefan Hertwig |
| author_facet | Tamar Gvaladze Hansjörg Lehnherr Stefan Hertwig |
| author_sort | Tamar Gvaladze |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Salmonella is one of the most important zoonotic pathogens and is mostly transmitted through food of animal origin. Application of bacteriophages is a promising tool to biocontrol Salmonella on both food and food contact surfaces. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of a six-phage cocktail for the reduction of Salmonella Enteritidis and a mixture of five major Salmonella serotypes (S. Enteritidis, Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Infantis, Salmonella Paratyphi B, and Salmonella Indiana) on chicken skin and stainless steel. A phage cocktail with a final concentration of 107 PFU/cm2 was sprayed on these surfaces. After adding the phage cocktail, the samples were incubated at RT (~23°C) for different periods of time. The phage cocktail caused a significant reduction of S. Enteritidis and the mixed culture on chicken skin 30 min after phage addition, with 1.8 log10 and 1 log10 units, respectively. Reduction rates (1.2–1.7 log10 units) on stainless steel after 30 min were similar. Four hours after addition, the phage cocktail caused a significant reduction on both surfaces up to 3 log10 units on chicken skin and 2.4 log10 units on stainless steel. In a further experiment, bacteria added to stainless steel were not allowed to dry to simulate a fresh bacterial contamination. In this case, the bacterial count of S. Enteritidis was reduced below the detection limit after 2 h. The results demonstrate that this phage cocktail has potential to be used in post-harvest applications to control Salmonella contaminations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T16:22:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0b219847fb2b4ae3bd98b2aa87d1a4ed |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T16:22:19Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-0b219847fb2b4ae3bd98b2aa87d1a4ed2024-03-04T04:48:57ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2024-03-011510.3389/fmicb.2024.13546961354696A bacteriophage cocktail can efficiently reduce five important Salmonella serotypes both on chicken skin and stainless steelTamar Gvaladze0Hansjörg Lehnherr1Stefan Hertwig2Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, GermanyPhage Technology Center GmbH, Bönen, GermanyDepartment of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, GermanySalmonella is one of the most important zoonotic pathogens and is mostly transmitted through food of animal origin. Application of bacteriophages is a promising tool to biocontrol Salmonella on both food and food contact surfaces. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of a six-phage cocktail for the reduction of Salmonella Enteritidis and a mixture of five major Salmonella serotypes (S. Enteritidis, Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Infantis, Salmonella Paratyphi B, and Salmonella Indiana) on chicken skin and stainless steel. A phage cocktail with a final concentration of 107 PFU/cm2 was sprayed on these surfaces. After adding the phage cocktail, the samples were incubated at RT (~23°C) for different periods of time. The phage cocktail caused a significant reduction of S. Enteritidis and the mixed culture on chicken skin 30 min after phage addition, with 1.8 log10 and 1 log10 units, respectively. Reduction rates (1.2–1.7 log10 units) on stainless steel after 30 min were similar. Four hours after addition, the phage cocktail caused a significant reduction on both surfaces up to 3 log10 units on chicken skin and 2.4 log10 units on stainless steel. In a further experiment, bacteria added to stainless steel were not allowed to dry to simulate a fresh bacterial contamination. In this case, the bacterial count of S. Enteritidis was reduced below the detection limit after 2 h. The results demonstrate that this phage cocktail has potential to be used in post-harvest applications to control Salmonella contaminations.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1354696/fullSalmonellaphagebiocontrolchickensteelpost-harvest application |
| spellingShingle | Tamar Gvaladze Hansjörg Lehnherr Stefan Hertwig A bacteriophage cocktail can efficiently reduce five important Salmonella serotypes both on chicken skin and stainless steel Frontiers in Microbiology Salmonella phage biocontrol chicken steel post-harvest application |
| title | A bacteriophage cocktail can efficiently reduce five important Salmonella serotypes both on chicken skin and stainless steel |
| title_full | A bacteriophage cocktail can efficiently reduce five important Salmonella serotypes both on chicken skin and stainless steel |
| title_fullStr | A bacteriophage cocktail can efficiently reduce five important Salmonella serotypes both on chicken skin and stainless steel |
| title_full_unstemmed | A bacteriophage cocktail can efficiently reduce five important Salmonella serotypes both on chicken skin and stainless steel |
| title_short | A bacteriophage cocktail can efficiently reduce five important Salmonella serotypes both on chicken skin and stainless steel |
| title_sort | bacteriophage cocktail can efficiently reduce five important salmonella serotypes both on chicken skin and stainless steel |
| topic | Salmonella phage biocontrol chicken steel post-harvest application |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1354696/full |
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