Post-Vaccination Neutralization Responses to Omicron Sub-Variants
Background: The emergence of the Omicron variant (B.1.1.529), which correlated with dramatic losses in cross-neutralization capacity of post-vaccination sera, raised concerns about the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against infection and disease. Several clinically relevant sub-variants subseque...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Vaccines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/10/1757 |
| _version_ | 1797469674612457472 |
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| author | Henning Jacobsen Maeva Katzmarzyk Melissa M. Higdon Viviana Cobos Jiménez Ioannis Sitaras Naor Bar-Zeev Maria Deloria Knoll |
| author_facet | Henning Jacobsen Maeva Katzmarzyk Melissa M. Higdon Viviana Cobos Jiménez Ioannis Sitaras Naor Bar-Zeev Maria Deloria Knoll |
| author_sort | Henning Jacobsen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: The emergence of the Omicron variant (B.1.1.529), which correlated with dramatic losses in cross-neutralization capacity of post-vaccination sera, raised concerns about the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against infection and disease. Several clinically relevant sub-variants subsequently emerged rapidly. Methods: We evaluated published and pre-print studies reporting sub-variant specific reductions in cross-neutralization compared to the prototype strain of SARS-CoV-2 and between sub-variants. Median fold-reduction across studies was calculated by sub-variant and vaccine platform. Results: Among 178 studies with post-vaccination data, after primary vaccination the sub-variant specific fold-reduction in neutralization capacity compared to the prototype antigen varied widely, from median 4.2-fold for BA.3 to 40.1-fold for BA.2.75; in boosted participants fold-reduction was similar for most sub-variants (5.3-fold to 7.0-fold); however, a more pronounced fold-change was observed for sub-variants related to BA.4 and BA.5 (10.4-fold to 14.2-fold). Relative to BA.1, the other Omicron sub-variants had similar neutralization capacity post-primary vaccination (range median 0.8-fold to 1.1-fold) and post-booster (0.9-fold to 1.4-fold) except for BA.4/5-related sub-variants which was higher (2.1-fold to 2.7-fold). Omicron sub-variant-specific responder rates were low post-primary vaccination (range median 28.0% to 65.9%) compared to the prototype (median 100%) but improved post-booster (range median 73.3% to 100%). Conclusions: Fold-reductions in neutralization titers were comparable post-booster except for sub-variants related to BA.4 and BA.5, which had higher fold-reduction. Assessment after primary vaccination was not possible because of overall poor neutralization responses causing extreme heterogeneity. Considering large fold-decreases in neutralization titers relative to the parental strain for all Omicron sub-variants, vaccine effectiveness is very likely to be reduced against all Omicron sub-variants, and probably more so against variants related to BA.4 or BA.5. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:23:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0b2f5f6bfc34417bb998afa18b2c5faa |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:23:36Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj.art-0b2f5f6bfc34417bb998afa18b2c5faa2023-11-24T03:05:33ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2022-10-011010175710.3390/vaccines10101757Post-Vaccination Neutralization Responses to Omicron Sub-VariantsHenning Jacobsen0Maeva Katzmarzyk1Melissa M. Higdon2Viviana Cobos Jiménez3Ioannis Sitaras4Naor Bar-Zeev5Maria Deloria Knoll6Department of Viral Immunology, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, GermanyDepartment of Viral Immunology, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, GermanyInternational Vaccine Access Center, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USAIndependent Consultant, Bogota 111111, ColombiaW. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USAInternational Vaccine Access Center, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USAInternational Vaccine Access Center, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USABackground: The emergence of the Omicron variant (B.1.1.529), which correlated with dramatic losses in cross-neutralization capacity of post-vaccination sera, raised concerns about the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against infection and disease. Several clinically relevant sub-variants subsequently emerged rapidly. Methods: We evaluated published and pre-print studies reporting sub-variant specific reductions in cross-neutralization compared to the prototype strain of SARS-CoV-2 and between sub-variants. Median fold-reduction across studies was calculated by sub-variant and vaccine platform. Results: Among 178 studies with post-vaccination data, after primary vaccination the sub-variant specific fold-reduction in neutralization capacity compared to the prototype antigen varied widely, from median 4.2-fold for BA.3 to 40.1-fold for BA.2.75; in boosted participants fold-reduction was similar for most sub-variants (5.3-fold to 7.0-fold); however, a more pronounced fold-change was observed for sub-variants related to BA.4 and BA.5 (10.4-fold to 14.2-fold). Relative to BA.1, the other Omicron sub-variants had similar neutralization capacity post-primary vaccination (range median 0.8-fold to 1.1-fold) and post-booster (0.9-fold to 1.4-fold) except for BA.4/5-related sub-variants which was higher (2.1-fold to 2.7-fold). Omicron sub-variant-specific responder rates were low post-primary vaccination (range median 28.0% to 65.9%) compared to the prototype (median 100%) but improved post-booster (range median 73.3% to 100%). Conclusions: Fold-reductions in neutralization titers were comparable post-booster except for sub-variants related to BA.4 and BA.5, which had higher fold-reduction. Assessment after primary vaccination was not possible because of overall poor neutralization responses causing extreme heterogeneity. Considering large fold-decreases in neutralization titers relative to the parental strain for all Omicron sub-variants, vaccine effectiveness is very likely to be reduced against all Omicron sub-variants, and probably more so against variants related to BA.4 or BA.5.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/10/1757SARS-CoV-2Omicronsub-variantneutralizationCOVID-19 vaccine |
| spellingShingle | Henning Jacobsen Maeva Katzmarzyk Melissa M. Higdon Viviana Cobos Jiménez Ioannis Sitaras Naor Bar-Zeev Maria Deloria Knoll Post-Vaccination Neutralization Responses to Omicron Sub-Variants Vaccines SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sub-variant neutralization COVID-19 vaccine |
| title | Post-Vaccination Neutralization Responses to Omicron Sub-Variants |
| title_full | Post-Vaccination Neutralization Responses to Omicron Sub-Variants |
| title_fullStr | Post-Vaccination Neutralization Responses to Omicron Sub-Variants |
| title_full_unstemmed | Post-Vaccination Neutralization Responses to Omicron Sub-Variants |
| title_short | Post-Vaccination Neutralization Responses to Omicron Sub-Variants |
| title_sort | post vaccination neutralization responses to omicron sub variants |
| topic | SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sub-variant neutralization COVID-19 vaccine |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/10/1757 |
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