Thymol Nanopolymer Synthesis and Its Effects on Morphine Withdrawal Syndrome in Comparison With Clonidine in Rats
The drug delivery system is valuable in the treatment of the disease. A nanopolymer as a thymol and Thymbra spicata release system was synthesized and its effects on morphine withdrawal syndrome in comparison with clonidine in rats were studied. The nanopolymer was characterized by different methods...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnbeh.2022.843951/full |
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| author | Ardeshir Moayeri Reza Mehdizadeh Elahe Karimi Ali Aidy Hori Ghaneialvar Naser Abbasi Naser Abbasi |
| author_facet | Ardeshir Moayeri Reza Mehdizadeh Elahe Karimi Ali Aidy Hori Ghaneialvar Naser Abbasi Naser Abbasi |
| author_sort | Ardeshir Moayeri |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The drug delivery system is valuable in the treatment of the disease. A nanopolymer as a thymol and Thymbra spicata release system was synthesized and its effects on morphine withdrawal syndrome in comparison with clonidine in rats were studied. The nanopolymer was characterized by different methods, namely, IR, HNMR, CNMR, GPC, DLS, and AFM. Thymol in T. spicata extract was assessed. The loading and release rate of thymol and T. spicata extract on the nanopolymer were evaluated by HPLC. The median lethal dose (LD50) of the T. spicata extract, thymol, extract nanopolymer, and thymol nanopolymer was studied. The frequency of jumping, rearing, and teeth chattering in naloxone-induced morphine withdrawal syndrome was studied. Synthesized nanopolymer was desirable as a carrier for the drug. The loaded amount of extract and thymol on nanopolymer was estimated 55 ± 3.2% and 48 ± 2.6% and the drug released was 71 and 68%, respectively. LD50 of the T. spicata extract, thymol, extract nanopolymer, and thymol nanopolymer was 975, 580, 1,250, and 650 mg/kg, respectively. This study showed that thymol nanopolymer was more effective than clonidine to reduce the frequency of morphine withdrawal symptoms. Our results suggest that T. spicata extract, thymol, extract nanopolymer, and thymol nanopolymer are mighty in reducing the narcotic withdrawal signs. The mechanism of action and therapeutic potential is maybe similar to clonidine. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T15:05:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0b31420ad09e40cea05a951102b7b346 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1662-5153 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T15:05:40Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-0b31420ad09e40cea05a951102b7b3462022-12-22T01:00:55ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience1662-51532022-06-011610.3389/fnbeh.2022.843951843951Thymol Nanopolymer Synthesis and Its Effects on Morphine Withdrawal Syndrome in Comparison With Clonidine in RatsArdeshir Moayeri0Reza Mehdizadeh1Elahe Karimi2Ali Aidy3Hori Ghaneialvar4Naser Abbasi5Naser Abbasi6Department of Anatomy, Medical School, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, IranDepartment of Anatomy, Medical School, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, IranBiotechnology and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, IranBiotechnology and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, IranBiotechnology and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, IranBiotechnology and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, IranDepartment of Pharmacology, Medical School, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, IranThe drug delivery system is valuable in the treatment of the disease. A nanopolymer as a thymol and Thymbra spicata release system was synthesized and its effects on morphine withdrawal syndrome in comparison with clonidine in rats were studied. The nanopolymer was characterized by different methods, namely, IR, HNMR, CNMR, GPC, DLS, and AFM. Thymol in T. spicata extract was assessed. The loading and release rate of thymol and T. spicata extract on the nanopolymer were evaluated by HPLC. The median lethal dose (LD50) of the T. spicata extract, thymol, extract nanopolymer, and thymol nanopolymer was studied. The frequency of jumping, rearing, and teeth chattering in naloxone-induced morphine withdrawal syndrome was studied. Synthesized nanopolymer was desirable as a carrier for the drug. The loaded amount of extract and thymol on nanopolymer was estimated 55 ± 3.2% and 48 ± 2.6% and the drug released was 71 and 68%, respectively. LD50 of the T. spicata extract, thymol, extract nanopolymer, and thymol nanopolymer was 975, 580, 1,250, and 650 mg/kg, respectively. This study showed that thymol nanopolymer was more effective than clonidine to reduce the frequency of morphine withdrawal symptoms. Our results suggest that T. spicata extract, thymol, extract nanopolymer, and thymol nanopolymer are mighty in reducing the narcotic withdrawal signs. The mechanism of action and therapeutic potential is maybe similar to clonidine.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnbeh.2022.843951/fullnano polymerthymolThymbra spicatamorphinewithdrawal syndrome |
| spellingShingle | Ardeshir Moayeri Reza Mehdizadeh Elahe Karimi Ali Aidy Hori Ghaneialvar Naser Abbasi Naser Abbasi Thymol Nanopolymer Synthesis and Its Effects on Morphine Withdrawal Syndrome in Comparison With Clonidine in Rats Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience nano polymer thymol Thymbra spicata morphine withdrawal syndrome |
| title | Thymol Nanopolymer Synthesis and Its Effects on Morphine Withdrawal Syndrome in Comparison With Clonidine in Rats |
| title_full | Thymol Nanopolymer Synthesis and Its Effects on Morphine Withdrawal Syndrome in Comparison With Clonidine in Rats |
| title_fullStr | Thymol Nanopolymer Synthesis and Its Effects on Morphine Withdrawal Syndrome in Comparison With Clonidine in Rats |
| title_full_unstemmed | Thymol Nanopolymer Synthesis and Its Effects on Morphine Withdrawal Syndrome in Comparison With Clonidine in Rats |
| title_short | Thymol Nanopolymer Synthesis and Its Effects on Morphine Withdrawal Syndrome in Comparison With Clonidine in Rats |
| title_sort | thymol nanopolymer synthesis and its effects on morphine withdrawal syndrome in comparison with clonidine in rats |
| topic | nano polymer thymol Thymbra spicata morphine withdrawal syndrome |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnbeh.2022.843951/full |
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